电力用户的有限理性行为研究综述与展望

甘磊; 张鹏; 朱琳; 杨天禹; 陈星莺; 华昊辰; 余昆

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2025.07.006

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电力建设 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7) : 67-81. DOI: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2025.07.006

智能微电网海量分布式灵活资源协调优化·栏目主持：张犁、Ahmed Zobaa、Heba Sharaf、赫玉莹、顾承红、甘磊、华昊辰·

电力用户的有限理性行为研究综述与展望

作者信息 +

A Review and Future Prospects of Bounded Rational Behavior in Power Consumers

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】针对全球能源转型背景下新型电力系统调节能力不足的挑战，文章旨在通过系统梳理用户有限理性行为特征及其应用，填补传统需求侧管理中忽略行为复杂性的理论空白，构建供需互动优化的理论基础，为挖掘需求侧资源潜力提供理论支撑。【方法】文章通过多学科交叉整合经济学与行为科学理论框架，分析用户在电力消费中的有限理性现象，明确其与传统“理性”行为的差异。从需求价格弹性、消费者心理学、行为经济学和数据驱动四个角度探讨用户行为特征。进一步，探讨了有限理性在需求响应潜力评估、负荷预测及用户用能决策等方面的应用。最后，指出现有对用户有限理性行为研究存在的不足和对未来的行为刻画研究进行了展望。【结论】文章为需求侧资源精准调控提供跨学科理论框架，推动市场机制设计与互动调控的创新。未来结合数据驱动对用户用电数据进行分析，合理辨识关键参数，进一步深化对用户用电行为的深刻理解，助力“双碳”目标下系统调节能力提升与用户用能成本降低的双重实现。

Abstract

[Objective] Amidst the global energy transition， addressing the insufficient regulation capacity of the new electricity system， this study systematically examines the characteristics and applications of bounded rationality behaviors of users. It aims to bridge the theoretical gap in conventional demand-side management caused by oversimplified behavioral assumptions， establish a theoretical foundation for supply-demand interaction optimization， and provide actionable insights for unlocking the potential of demand-side resources.[Methods] An interdisciplinary framework integrating economics and behavioral science theories was developed to analyze bounded rationality in electricity consumption， explicitly distinguishing it from traditional rational behavioral paradigms. User behavior was characterized by four dimensions： the price elasticity of demand， consumer psychology principles， behavioral economics mechanisms， and data-driven behavioral modeling. Furthermore， the implications of bounded rationality were investigated across three key domains： demand response potential assessment， load forecasting accuracy improvement， and user-centric energy decision optimization. The study concluded with a critical evaluation of the current research gaps and proposed methodological advancements for future behavioral characterization studies.[Conclusions] This study contributes to an interdisciplinary framework to enable precision regulation of demand-side resources， fostering innovation in adaptive market mechanisms and dynamic control strategies. Future studies can integrate data-driven analyses of user electricity consumption data to rationally identify critical parameters. This will deepen the fundamental understanding of user energy behaviors， thereby enabling the dual achievement of enhanced system regulation capacity and reduced user energy costs under the “Dual Carbon” goals.

导出引用

甘磊, 张鹏, 朱琳, 等. 电力用户的有限理性行为研究综述与展望[J]. 电力建设. 2025, 46(7): 67-81 https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2025.07.006

GAN Lei, ZHANG Peng, ZHU Lin, et al. A Review and Future Prospects of Bounded Rational Behavior in Power Consumers[J]. Electric Power Construction. 2025, 46(7): 67-81 https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2025.07.006

中图分类号： TM714

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In a residential demand response program, lack of users' participation can significantly impair program effectiveness. For this purpose, an incentive-based demand response (DR) program is designed and users' decision to participate is analyzed in a day-ahead time horizon. In this paper, we first defined a quasi-convex cost function, which accounts for a predetermined base-load price. Then, a DR scheme introduced to shift customers load and minimize their cost. Subsequently, a social pricing/billing mechanism is proposed that is correlated with the overall load in the system. The proposed pricing/billing mechanism leads to a game between consumers, hence the users' strategies are investigated under this new mechanism. To capture whether inefficiencies exist in current DR programs that stem from inexperienced or irrational users, we analyze our DR program using game theory under expected utility theory and prospect theory (PT). The numerical results suggest that our proposed price function and billing-mechanism is effective to control customer consumption pattern with the desired norm imposed by the majority population. In particular, the behavior of customers differs when irrationality added to them under PT framework.

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