基于自适应虚拟阻抗的构网型与跟网型逆变器主导微网系统无功功率均分控制策略

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2024.01.003

电力建设 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 22-32.doi: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2024.01.003

基于自适应虚拟阻抗的构网型与跟网型逆变器主导微网系统无功功率均分控制策略

邱晓燕(), 闫幸(), 周毅(), 林号缙(), 臧天磊(), 周步祥()

四川大学电气工程学院, 成都市 610065

收稿日期:2023-05-26 出版日期:2024-01-01 发布日期:2023-12-24
通讯作者: 周毅(1994),男,博士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为新能源并网系统建模与稳定控制,E-mail:zhouyipower@163.com。
作者简介:邱晓燕(1964),女,博士,教授,主要研究方向为电力系统分析与控制,E-mail:1425716268@qq.com;
闫幸(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为微网系统协调控制与稳定性分析,E-mail:xingyan0912@163.com;
林号缙(1999),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为新型电力系统的建模和控制,E-mail:hjlinsgr@stu.scu.edu.cn;
臧天磊(1986),男,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为综合能源系统运行优化与控制,E-mail:zangtianlei@126.com;
周步祥(1965),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为电力系统规划、信息物理系统与综合能源系统,E-mail:hiway_scu@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51907097);国家自然科学基金项目(52307126);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2022SCU12006)

Reactive Power Sharing Control Strategy for Microgrids Dominated by Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters Based on Adaptive Virtual Impedance

QIU Xiaoyan(), YAN Xing(), ZHOU Yi(), LIN Haojin(), ZANG Tianlei(), ZHOU Buxiang()

College of Electrical Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China

Received:2023-05-26 Published:2024-01-01 Online:2023-12-24
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51907097);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52307126);Special Fund for Basic Research Funds of Central Universities(2022SCU12006)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在由构网型(grid-forming,GFM)与跟网型(grid-following,GFL)逆变器主导的孤岛微网系统中,GFL逆变器主动参与功率的二次调节可增强微网系统的无功功率调节与带载能力。然而,由于逆变器容量不等、控制方式不同以及输电线路阻抗不匹配,实现异构逆变器间无功功率均分面临困难。文章将倒下垂控制应用于GFL逆变器使其具备类似GFM逆变器的功率下垂特性,并分析了GFM与GFL逆变器互联下无功功率的分配原理;在此基础上,提出一种通过相邻逆变器无功功率偏差信息驱动的自适应虚拟阻抗策略,实现GFM与GFL逆变器在不同输电线路阻抗、不同分配比例下的自适应无功功率均分,并给出相关控制参数的选取方法;最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中测试所提策略在线路阻抗变化、负荷投切、逆变器容量不等与即插即用场景下的适用性,验证了理论分析的正确性。

关键词: 孤岛微网系统, 无功功率分配, 自适应虚拟阻抗, 构网型逆变器, 跟网型逆变器

Abstract:

In the island microgrid system dominated by grid-forming(GFM) and grid-following(GFL) inverters, the active participation of GFL inverter in the secondary reactive power sharing can make the reactive power regulation and load capacity performance of microgrid enhanced. However, reactive power sharing is difficult to be achieved between inverters because of the different capacities, control methods of inverters and the mismatched impedance of transmission lines. Therefore, the freq/watt and volt/var droop control is applied to GFL inverter to make its power characteristic similar as GFM inverter, and the principle of reactive power sharing between GFM and GFL inverters is analyzed. On this basis, an adaptive virtual impedance strategy driven by reactive power sharing deviation information of adjacent inverters is proposed, which can achieve the adaptive reactive power sharing of GFM and GFL inverters when transmission line impedance and inverter capacity are different, and the selection method of related control parameters is also given. Finally, the applicability of the proposed strategy under the cases of line impedance variation, load switching, inverter capacity inequality and plug-and-play are tested in MATLAB/Simulink, so the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified.

Key words: island microgrid system, reactive power sharing, adaptive virtual impedance, grid-forming inverter, grid-following inverter

中图分类号:

TM732

邱晓燕, 闫幸, 周毅, 林号缙, 臧天磊, 周步祥. 基于自适应虚拟阻抗的构网型与跟网型逆变器主导微网系统无功功率均分控制策略[J]. 电力建设, 2024, 45(1): 22-32.

QIU Xiaoyan, YAN Xing, ZHOU Yi, LIN Haojin, ZANG Tianlei, ZHOU Buxiang. Reactive Power Sharing Control Strategy for Microgrids Dominated by Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters Based on Adaptive Virtual Impedance[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2024, 45(1): 22-32.

图/表 18

图1 GFM与GFL逆变器主导的微网系统示意

Fig.1 Microgrid system dominated by GFM and GFL inverters

表1 GFM与GFL逆变器主导微网电路参数

Table 1 Parameters of microgrid system dominated by GFM and GFL inverters

图2 GFM逆变器控制框图

Fig.2 Control block diagram of GFM inverter

图3 GFL逆变器控制框图

Fig.3 Control block diagram of GFL inverter

图4 调节无功下垂系数改善无功功率分配

Fig.4 Adjust reactive parameter to regulate reactive power sharing

图5 虚拟阻抗控制原理

Fig.5 Principle of virtual impedance control

图6 自适应虚拟阻抗控制框图

Fig.6 Control block diagram of adaptive virtual impedance

图7 系统简化传递框图

Fig.7 Simplified transform block diagram of system

表2 系统仿真模型参数

Table 2 Parameters of system simulation model

表3 仿真案例

Table 3 Simulation cases

图8 不同 k Q i下无功功率收敛过程

Fig.8 Reactive power convergence process of different k Q i

图9 未采用与采用自适应虚拟阻抗仿真结果

Fig.9 Simulative waveforms of proposed strategy without and with application

图10 线路电感变化后输出无功与电压

Fig.10 Reactive power and voltage with line inductance changing

图11 案例1未采用与采用所提策略时VPCC波形

Fig.11 Load voltage amplitude of Case1 without and with proposed strategy

图12 逆变器容量不等下输出功率

Fig.12 Power of different inverter capacity

表4 采用所提策略前后无功功率与电压偏差率

Table 4 Reactive power and voltage deviation of Case1 without and with proposed strategy

图13 负荷投切下无功功率

Fig.13 Reactive power of load switching

图14 切除与接入DG3无功功率

Fig.14 Reactive power of DG3 been disconnected and connected

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基于自适应虚拟阻抗的构网型与跟网型逆变器主导微网系统无功功率均分控制策略

Reactive Power Sharing Control Strategy for Microgrids Dominated by Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters Based on Adaptive Virtual Impedance

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