高渗透率条件下考虑功率协调性的可再生能源调频方式

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.11.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着可再生能源发电的占比不断提高,现代电力系统存在转动惯量不断降低,频率特性以及功率传输不稳定的现象。文章分析了可再生能源接入对传统电网频率、功率的动稳态特性影响,明确了可再生能源需要参与系统调频。同时考虑到传统机组与可再生能源出力的协调性,以及系统频率特性的性能,分析了3种可再生能源参与系统调频的方式,对比了在负荷阶跃下对频率以及功率特性的影响,提出了传统机组与可再生能源出力协调性调频方案。基于RTDS的硬件仿真实验表明,所提调频方案保证了系统频率响应的动稳态特性,并且解决了同步发电机与可再生能源功率相互协调的问题。

关键词: 可再生能源, 传统同步机, 频率特性, 功率响应, 协调性, 高渗透率

Abstract:

As the proportion of renewable energy power generation continues to increase, the inertia of modern power system continues to decrease, and the frequency characteristics and power transmission appear unstable. This paper analyzes the influence of renewable energy access on the dynamic and steady-state characteristics of traditional power grid frequency and power, and clarifies that renewable energy needs to participate in system frequency regulation. Considering the coordination of the output of traditional synchronous generators and renewable energy, and the performance of the system frequency characteristics, three ways of renewable energy participating in the system frequency regulation are analyzed, and the influences on the frequency and power characteristics under load step are compared. A coordinated frequency regulation scheme for the output of traditional units and renewable energy is proposed. The hardware simulation experiment based on RTDS shows that the frequency regulation scheme proposed in this paper ensures the dynamic and steady-state characteristics of the frequency response of the system, and solves the problem of coordination between the synchronous generator and the renewable energy power.

Key words: renewable energy, traditional synchronous machine, frequency characteristics, power response, coordination, high penetration

中图分类号:

TM61

高启瑄, 吕世轩, 郑丽君, 张文杰. 高渗透率条件下考虑功率协调性的可再生能源调频方式[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(11): 122-131.

GAO Qixuan, LÜ Shixuan, ZHENG Lijun, ZHANG Wenjie. Frequency Regulation Mode of Renewable Energy Considering Power Coordination under the Condition of High Penetration[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2022, 43(11): 122-131.

图/表 13

图1 可再生能源高渗透下系统拓扑结构

Fig.1 System structure under high penetration of new energy

图2 同步发电机组成的电力系统简化小信号模型

Fig.2 Simplified small signal model of power system composed of synchronous generator

图3 可再生能源高渗透的电力系统简化小信号模型

Fig.3 Simplified small signal model of power system with high penetration of new energy

图4 3种可再生能源发电参与调频和惯量支撑方式

Fig.4 Three types of renewable energy power generation participating in frequency regulation and inertia support

图5 G M i(s)单位阶跃响应动态性能指标图

Fig.5 Unit step response waveform of G M i(s)

图6 G P i n _ i(s)和 G P r e _ i(s)的单位阶跃响应动态指标图

Fig.6 Unit step response waveform of G P i n _ i(s) and G P r e _ i(s)

图7 负荷功率单位阶跃下ωr_pu、Pin_pu和Pre_pu的时域波形

Fig.7 Time-domain waveforms of ωr_pu、Pin_pu and Pre_pu under load power unit step

图8 虚拟涡轮机取不同时间常数时可再生能源的功率和系统频率特性曲线

Fig.8 Power and frequency characteristic curves of renewable energy with different time constants for virtual turbines

图9 虚拟惯量取不同值时可再生能源功率和系统频率特性曲线

Fig.9 Power and frequency characteristic curves of renewable energy with different values of virtual inertia

图10 仿真平台上搭建的简化电路模型

Fig.10 Simplified circuit model built on the simulation platform

表1 以可再生能源为输入与模拟同步发电机的逆变器控制参数

Table 1 Inverter control parameters for simulating synchronous generators and using renewable energy as input

图11 不同方式下负荷阶跃时系统频率响应波形

Fig.11 System frequency response waveform under different load steps

图12 不同方式下负荷阶跃时可再生能源与传统机组出力的功率变化量波形

Fig.12 Waveforms of power variation of new energy and traditional unit output during load step in different ways

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