基于区块链的绿证和碳交易市场联合激励机制

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决目前可再生能源交易中存在的交易制度不成熟,绿色证书制度在鼓励可再生能源并网、缓解财政补贴压力等方面的表现不佳,现行的碳市场对促进减排效果不明显等问题,提出基于区块链的绿证和碳交易市场联合激励机制,利用区块链具有的去中心化、公开透明等特性,与可再生能源交易市场结合,使可再生能源市场更加透明、方便、安全。为了激励对减排做出贡献的市场主体,对区块链中的共识算法进行了研究,提出了适用于联盟链的PoCT(proof of carbon token)共识算法,激励市场主体参与到可再生能源产品交易中,同时解决传统权益证明(proof of stake,PoS)共识机制中的N@S攻击问题以及奖励分配的公平性问题。仿真结果表明,PoCT可以有效地激励可再生能源交易,并且具有较高的效率。

关键词: 区块链, 共识算法, 绿色证书, 可再生能源配额制(RPS), 碳交易

Abstract:

The current trading system for renewable energy is immature. The green certificate system has not performed well in encouraging the integration of renewable energy into the grid and alleviating the pressure of financial subsidies. The current carbon market has no obvious effect on promoting emission reduction. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a joint incentive mechanism for green certificates and carbon trading market applying blockchain. The decentralization, openness and transparency of blockchain are used to combine with the renewable energy trading market to make the renewable energy market more transparent and convenient and safety. In order to motivate market entities who contribute to emission reduction, the consensus algorithm in blockchain is studied, and a PoCT consensus algorithm suitable for consortium blockchain is proposed to encourage market entities to participate in the transaction of renewable energy products, while solving traditional N@S attack problem in the PoS consensus mechanism and the fairness of reward distribution. Simulation results show that PoCT can effectively incentivize renewable energy trading with high efficiency.

Key words: blockchain, consensus algorithm, tradable green certificate, renewable portfolio standard (RPS), carbon trading

中图分类号:

TM734

杨雪, 金孝俊, 王海洋, 魏翼飞. 基于区块链的绿证和碳交易市场联合激励机制[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(6): 24-33.

YANG Xue, JIN Xiaojun, WANG Haiyang, WEI Yifei. Blockchain-Based Joint Incentive Mechanism for Tradable Green Certificate and Carbon Trading Market[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2022, 43(6): 24-33.

图/表 8

图1 基于区块链的可再生能源产品交易系统

Fig.1 Blockchain-based trading system for renewable energy products

图2 PoCT一次epoch的共识流程

Fig.2 The consensus process of an epoch of PoCT

图3 PoCT权益分析

Fig.3 PoCT stake analysis

图4 四种算法节点出块次数对比

Fig.4 Comparison of the numbers of block-produce times of the four algorithm nodes

图5 PoCT与PBFT延时对比

Fig.5 Comparison of delays between PoCT and PBFT

图6 PoCT与PBFT吞吐量对比

Fig.6 Comparison of TPS between BFT-PoS and PBFT

图7 不同μ下PoCT与PBFT时延对比

Fig.7 Comparison of delays between PoCT and PBFT under different μ

图8 不同μ下PoCT与PBFT吞吐量对比

Fig.8 Comparison of TPS between PoCT and PBFT under different μ

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