基于区块链含电动汽车的微电网组合出力优化策略

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.11.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文章针对电动汽车充放电交易中车主与服务商之间缺乏信任,大量电动汽车无序充放电造成电网峰上加峰的问题,提出基于电动汽车联盟链的互信交易架构和调度策略。首先,引入区块链中白盒密码、智能合约、阻塞管理对电动汽车链上交易机制执行过程进行分析;然后,搭建了电动汽车双层优化调度模型,外层针对鼓励低电价充电时产生的新充电高峰问题,建立基于区块链的电动汽车出行诚信度模型,综合考虑负荷方差和用户诚信度,优化分时电价定价策略,并将优化后的电价曲线输出到内层模型;内层针对偏差电量消除成本较高的问题,利用电动汽车的移动储能特性,实现供求自平衡。最终采用含激励机制的差分进化演化博弈组合算法进行求解,通过算例仿真验证了所提策略的有效性。

关键词: 区块链, 微电网, 电动汽车, 组合出力

Abstract:

Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, multi-party data sharing and common maintenance, which enables two parties that do not understand and trust each other to achieve credible and equivalent power transactions. In view of the lack of trust between vehicle owners and service providers in the charge and discharge of electric vehicles, the disorder charge and discharge of a large number of electric vehicles will cause peaks on the grids’ peak load. A mutual trust transaction architecture and scheduling strategy based on the electric vehicle alliance chain is proposed. Firstly, the white box password, smart contract, and congestion management in the blockchain are introduced to analyze the execution process of the transaction mechanism on the electric vehicle chain; Secondly, a double-layer optimal scheduling model for electric vehicles is built. The outer layer aims at encouraging the new charging peak problem aroused by encouraging to charge at low electricity prices, comprehensively considering the load variance and user creditability, optimizing the time-of-use electricity pricing strategy, and optimizing the electricity price curve export to the inner model. The inner layer aims to eliminate the problem of higher cost for the deviation of electricity, and uses the mobile energy storage characteristics of electric vehicles to achieve self-balance of power supply and demand. Finally, the differential evolutionary game combination algorithm with incentive mechanism is used to solve the problem, and the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by simulation.

Key words: blockchain, microgrid, electric vehicle, combined output

中图分类号:

TM734

付晓琳, 王鸿, 王致杰. 基于区块链含电动汽车的微电网组合出力优化策略[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(11): 16-26.

FU Xiaolin, WANG Hong, WANG Zhijie. Combined Output Optimization Based on Blockchain for Micro-grid with Electric Vehicles[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2020, 41(11): 16-26.

图/表 18

图1 电动汽车联盟链

Fig.1 Alliance chain of electric vehicles

图2 查找表编码

Fig.2 Lookup table for encoding

图3 联盟链模块流程

Fig.3 Process of consortium chain module

图4 电动汽车充电交易模型的执行过程

Fig.4 Execution of the electric vehicle charging transaction model

图5 智能合约模型

Fig.5 Model of smart contract

图6 基于区块链的电动汽车出行诚信度模型

Fig.6 Blockchain-based electric vehicle creditability model

图7 基于区块链的电动汽车调度架构

Fig.7 Electric vehicle scheduling architecture based on blockchain

图8 含激励机制差分进化演化博弈算法求解流程

Fig.8 Flowchart of differential evolution game combination algorithm with incentive mechanism

图9 电动汽车优化调度策略流程

Fig.9 Flowchart of optimized scheduling for electric vehicles

表1 北京金风能源互联网园区设备参数

Table 1 Equipment parameters of Beijing Jinfeng Energy Internet Park

表2 电动汽车参数

Table 2 Parameters of electric vehicles

表3 电动汽车充电电价优化区间

Table 3 Electricity price optimization of electric vehicle charging

图10 恶意节点攻击成功率

Fig.10 Success rate of malicious node attack

图11 优化分时电价定价策略

Fig.11 Time-of-use price pricing optimization

图12 基于区块链的电动汽车出行诚信度优化模型

Fig.12 Optimization model of electric vehicle creditability based on block-chain

图13 电动汽车SOC

Fig.13 SOC of electric vehicle

图14 电网负荷量

Fig.14 Power grid load

图15 电动汽车放电功率对比曲线5 结论

Fig.15 Comparison of electric vehicle discharging power

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