共交流母线电动汽车充放电系统小信号建模及稳定性分析

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.11.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在非理想电网条件下,对共交流母线充放电系统的小信号建模和稳定性分析进行深入研究。首先,基于dq轴线性化方法,建立了考虑电压环、电流环及锁相环(phase locked loop, PLL)影响的三相AC/DC变换器交流输入阻抗矩阵,并对阻抗特征及影响因素进行深入分析。其次,基于广义奈奎斯特判据(gneralized Nyquist criterion, GNC),推导出充放电系统的降阶阻抗稳定性判据;再次,分别从充电和放电角度,以定性和定量的方式给出了系统可稳定接入的最大充放电功率,用于指导系统的参数设计。最后,通过理论分析和仿真验证,证明了所建立的dq坐标系阻抗模型、稳定判据及稳定性分析结论的正确性。

关键词: 电动汽车充放电系统, 非理想电网, 小信号建模, 阻抗判据, 稳定性分析

Abstract:

Under weak grid, the small-signal modeling and stability analysis of the common AC bus charging and discharging system are deeply studied. Firstly, by d-q axis linearization, the AC input impedance matrix of the three-phase AC/DC converter considering the influence of voltage loop, current loop and phase locked loop (PLL) is established, and the influencial factors of impedance characteristics and stability are analyzed in depth. Secondly, according to the Generalized Nyquist Criterion (GNC), the reduced-order impedance stability criterion of the charging and discharging system is derived. Finally, from the perspective of charging and discharging, it is given in a qualitative and quantitative manner. With the stability analysis, this paper gets the maximum charge and discharge power, and the conclusion can be used to guide the parameter design of the system. Through theoretical analysis and simulation verification, the correctness of the impedance model in d-q coordinate system, stability criterion and stability analysis conclusion established in this paper are obtained.

Key words: electric vehicle charge and discharge system, weak grid, small signal model, impedance criterion, stability analysis

中图分类号:

TM732

原增泉, 许海平, 陈曦, 袁志宝. 共交流母线电动汽车充放电系统小信号建模及稳定性分析[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(11): 27-37.

YUAN Zengquan, XU Haiping, CHEN Xi, YUAN Zhibao. Small-Signal Modeling and Stability Analysis of Charging and Discharging System of Electric Vehicles with Common AC Bus[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2020, 41(11): 27-37.

图/表 14

图1 共交流母线电动汽车充放电系统结构图

Fig.1 Structure diagram of electric vehicle charging and discharging system with common AC bus

图2 单同步坐标系软件锁相环SSRF-SPLL控制框图

Fig.2 Block diagram of SSRF-SPLL control

图3 考虑电压环、电流环及锁相环的三相AC/DC变换器控制系统框图

Fig.3 Control diagram of three-phase AC/DC converter with voltage loop, current loop and phase-locked loop

表1 系统主要参数

Table 1 Main parameters of the system

图4 滤波参数及稳态工作点参数对充电稳定性的影响

Fig.4 Influence of filter parameters and operating point on the stability of charging system

图5 控制器参数及电网强度对充电稳定性的影响

Fig.5 Influence of SCR and controller parameters on the stability of charging system

图6 电网强度及电压对充电相位裕度及稳定区域的影响

Fig.6 Influence of SCR and Eg on θPM and stability region of charging system

图7 滤波参数及稳态工作点参数对放电稳定性的影响

Fig.7 Influence of filter parameters and operating point on the stability of discharging system

图8 控制器参数及电网强度对放电稳定性的影响

Fig.8 Influence of SCR and controller parameters on the stability of discharging system

图9 电网强度及电压对放电系统相位裕度及稳定域的影响

Fig.9 Influence of SCR and Eg on θPM and stability region of discharging system

表2 仿真参数

Table 2 Simulation parameters

图10 电网强度变化时系统充电稳定性仿真波形

Fig.10 Simulation results of system charging stability when SCR changed

图11 电网电压变化时系统充电稳定性仿真波形

Fig.11 Simulation results of system charging stability when Eg changed

图12 电网强度及电网电压变化时系统放电稳定性仿真波形

Fig.12 Simulation results of system discharging stability when SCR and Eg changed

参考文献 22

[1]	欧阳明高. 迎接新能源智能化电动汽车新时代[J]. 科技导报, 2019,37(7):1.
	OUYANG Minggao . Meet the new era of new energy and intelligent electric vehicle[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2019,37(7):1.
[2]	胡泽春, 宋永华, 徐智威 , 等. 电动汽车接入电网的影响与利用[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012,32(4):1-10, 25.
	HU Zechun, SONG Yonghua, XU Zhiwei , et al. Impacts and utilization of electric vehicles integration into power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012,32(4):1-10, 25.
[3]	刘怀远, 徐殿国, 武健 , 等. 并网换流器系统谐振的分析、检测与消除[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016,36(4):1061-1074.
	LIU Huaiyuan, XU Dianguo, WU Jian , et al. Analysis, detection and mitigation of resonance in grid-connected converter systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016,36(4):1061-1074.
[4]	陈新, 王赟程, 龚春英 , 等. 采用阻抗分析方法的并网逆变器稳定性研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018,38(7):2082-2094, 2223.
	CHEN Xin, WANG Yuncheng, GONG Chunying , et al. Overview of stability research for grid-connected inverters based on impedance analysis method[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018,38(7):2082-2094, 2223.
[5]	阮新波, 王学华, 潘冬华 . LCL型并网逆变器的控制技术[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2015.
[6]	D’ARCO S, SUUL J A, OLAV B . Small-signal modelling and parametric sensitivity of a Virtual Synchronous Machine [C]//2014 Power Systems Computation Conference. August 18-22, 2014, Wroclaw, Poland. IEEE, 2014: 1-9.
[7]	YANG L, CHEN Y, LUO A , et al. Effect of phase-locked loop on small-signal perturbation modelling and stability analysis for three-phase LCL-type inverter connected to weak grid[J]. IET Renewable Power Generation, 2019,13(1):86-93.
[8]	MESSO T, AAPRO A, SUNTIO T . Generalized multivariable small-signal model of three-phase grid-connected inverter in DQ-domain [C]//2015 IEEE 16th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL). July 12-15, 2015, Vancouver, BC, Canada. IEEE, 2015: 1-8.
[9]	杨苓, 陈燕东, 周乐明 , 等. 弱电网下锁相环对三相LCL型并网逆变器小扰动建模影响及稳定性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018,38(13):3792-3804, 4020.
	YANG Ling, CHEN Yandong, ZHOU Leming , et al. Effect of phase locked loop on the small-signal perturbation modeling and stability analysis for three-phase LCL-type grid-connected inverter in weak grid[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018,38(13):3792-3804, 4020.
[10]	WANG Y C, CHEN X, ZHANG Y , et al. Impedance modeling of three-phase grid-connected inverters and analysis of interaction stability in grid-connected system [C]//2016 IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC-ECCE Asia). May 22-26, 2016, Hefei, China. IEEE, 2016: 3606-3612.
[11]	WEN B, DONG D, BOROYEVICH D , et al. Impedance-based analysis of grid-synchronization stability for three-phase paralleled converters [C]//IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. IEEE, 2016: 26-38.
[12]	WANG X F, HARNEFORS L, BLAABJERG F , et al. A unified impedance model of voltage-source converters with phase-locked loop effect [C]//2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). September 18-22, 2016, Milwaukee, WI, USA. IEEE, 2016: 1-8.
[13]	SUN J, LIU H C . Impedance modeling and analysis of modular multilevel converters [C]//2016 IEEE 17th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL). June 27-30, 2016, Trondheim, Norway. IEEE, 2016: 1-9.
[14]	XU Y Y, NIAN H, XU G D , et al. Cross-coupling over frequency and sequence in impedance modelling of grid-connected inverter[J]. The Journal of Engineering, 2009,2017(13):990-995.
[15]	辛焕海, 李子恒, 董炜 , 等. 三相变流器并网系统的广义阻抗及稳定判据[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017,37(5):1277-1293.
	XIN Huanhai, LI Ziheng, DONG Wei , et al. Generalized-impedance and stability criterion for grid-connected converters[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017,37(5):1277-1293.
[16]	刘方诚, 刘进军, 张昊东 , 等. 基于G-范数和Sum-范数的三相交流级联系统稳定性判据[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014,34(24):4092-4100.
	LIU Fangcheng, LIU Jinjun, ZHANG Haodong , et al. G-norm and Sum-norm based stability criterion for three-phase ac cascade systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014,34(24):4092-4100.
[17]	HUANG Y H, YUAN X M, HU J B , et al. Modeling of VSC connected to weak grid for stability analysis of DC-link voltage control[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2015,3(4):1193-1204.
[18]	WEN B, BOROYEVICH D, BURGOS R , et al. Analysis of D-Q small-signal impedance of grid-tied inverters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016,31(1):675-687.
[19]	KAZEM BAKHSHIZADEH M, WANG X F, BLAABJERG F , et al. Couplings in phase domain impedance modeling of grid-connected converters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016,31(10):6792-6796.
[20]	KIM B H, SUL S K . Shaping of PWM converter admittance for stabilizing local electric power systems[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2016,4(4):1452-1461.
[21]	WEN B, BURGOS R, BOROYEVICH D , et al. AC stability analysis and dq frame impedance specifications in power-electronics-based distributed power systems[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2017,5(4):1455-1465.
[22]	年珩, 杨洪雨 . 不平衡运行工况下并网逆变器的阻抗建模及稳定性分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2016,40(10):76-83.
	NIAN Heng, YANG Hongyu . Impedance modeling and stability analysis of grid-connected inverters under unbalanced operation conditions[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016,40(10):76-83.