基于用户出行模拟的电动汽车快充站负荷预测及其优化调度

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.11.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电动汽车作为一种新型交通工具,其充放电优化问题得到越来越广泛的关注。论文提出一种基于用户出行模拟的电动汽车光储充一体式直流快充站优化调度方案。首先结合用户出行链概念,基于城市道路网络和改进的路阻函数模型,运用实时路径搜索算法和基于模糊理论的用户充电方式选择方法对一天内城市电动汽车充电负荷的时空分布进行预测;然后以预测结果为基础,以用户“充电贴合度”指标最大的原则将区域充电负荷落实到建设在特定节点处的充电站,接着以站内综合运行成本最小为目标,在满足设备功率、用户出行需求和储能电池状态等约束的条件下,构建优化调度模型。最后将优化方案与仅需满足设备功率平衡且电动汽车用户以额定功率随到随充的常规调度方案进行比较,结果显示,论文所提优化调度方案能够较大限度地降低充电站的运行成本,具有推广应用价值。

关键词: 电动汽车, 路阻函数, 时空分布, 优化调度

Abstract:

As a new kind of green means of transportation, electric vehicle has drawn wide attention in the society. This paper presents an optimized scheduling scheme of integrated DC quick charging station for EV according to user travel simulation. Firstly, combining with the concept of user trip-chain, on the basis of the urban road network and the improved road resistance function model, real-time path search algorithm and user charging manner selection method based on fuzzy theory are used to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of charging load of urban EV within a day. Then on the basis of the prediction results, with the principle that the biggest user "charging joint degree" regional charging load will be implemented to construct charging stations in a specific node. In order to minimize the integrated operation cost of the station, the optimal scheduling model is constructed under the constraints of equipment power, user trip demand and battery status. Finally, the optimization scheme is compared with the conventional scheduling scheme that only needs to meet the power balance of the equipment and the EV user needs to charge at rated power on the spot. The results show that the optimized scheduling scheme proposed in this paper can greatly reduce the operating cost of charging stations and has the value of popularization and application.

Key words: electric vehicles, road impedance function, time-space distribution, optimized scheduling scheme

中图分类号:

TM74

卢少平, 应黎明, 王霞, 李文杰. 基于用户出行模拟的电动汽车快充站负荷预测及其优化调度[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(11): 38-48.

LU Shaoping, YING Liming, WANG Xia, LI Wenjie. Charging Load Prediction and Optimized Scheduling of Electric Vehicle Quick Charging Station According to User Travel Simulation[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2020, 41(11): 38-48.

图/表 15

图1 光储充直流快充站结构图

Fig.1 Structure diagram of a DC quick charging station

图2 快充站优化调度框架

Fig.2 Optimization scheduling framework of a quick charging station

图3 出行链结构

Fig.3 Trip-chain structure

图4 区域起始节点选择

Fig.4 Selection of region start node

图5 道路网络拓扑

Fig.5 Road network topology

图6 不同路阻函数行驶时间对比

Fig.6 Travel time comparison of different road resistance functions

表1 不同路径搜索算法效果对比

Table 1 The effect comparison of different path searching algorithms

图7 充电负荷分布曲线

Fig.7 Distribution curve of charging load

表2 不同类型区域快充用户占比

Table 2 The proportion of different types of fast charging

图8 充电站位置

Fig.8 Charging station location

图9 常规调度方案各设备输出功率

Fig.9 Output power of each device in the conventional scheduling scheme

图10 优化调度方案各设备输出功率

Fig.10 The output of each device in the optimized scheduling scheme

表3 快充站运行成本对比

Table 3 Comparison of operating cost of quick charging station元

表4 不同区域快充站节省成本对比

Table 4 The operation cost savings of quick charging stations in different areas元

图11 不同路阻状态下快充站运行信息

Fig.11 Operation information of quick charging station under different traffic conditions

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