计及电动汽车充电需求的孤岛微网可靠性计算方法

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.11.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于远离大陆,独立海岛上的微网多运行于孤岛模式,不与配电网发生功率交换,微网内部实现电力供需平衡,同时,电动汽车充电需求的接入给孤岛微网的可靠运行带来了影响。提出了一种计及电动汽车充电需求的孤岛微网可靠性计算方法。首先,通过模拟用户的出行行为建立了基于出行链理论的电动汽车充电负荷模型,计及风电和储能特性提出了微网运行策略和负荷分块削减策略。其次,考虑电动汽车充电需求,提出了年均充电中断次数、系统平均充电可用性等新型指标,构建了与传统配电网有差异的微网供电可靠性评估体系。最后,对改进的RBTS Bus6馈线F4系统进行了可靠性评估。算例结果表明,微网运行策略和电动汽车充电需求对孤岛微网的供电可靠性影响显著。

关键词: 电动汽车, 孤岛微网, 负荷削减, 供电可靠性, 蒙特卡洛

Abstract:

The microgrids on independent islands mostly operate in island mode due to the long distance to the mainland, and the power supply and demand keep balanced inside the microgrid. At the same time, the charging load of electric vehicles (EVs) has affected the reliable operation of the island microgrid. A method for calculating the reliability of island microgrid that takes into account the EV charging demand is proposed. Firstly, an EV charging load model based on trip chain theory is established by simulating the travel behavior of users; taking into account the characteristics of wind power and energy storage, a microgrid operation strategy and a load reduction strategy are proposed. Then, taking the charging demand of electric vehicles into account, new indexes such as the Annual Average Charge Interruptions and the Average Service Availability Index are proposed, which constructed a reliability evaluation system for microgrids different from that for the traditional distribution network. Finally, the method proposed is tested by the improved RBTS Bus 6 feeder F4 system, which shows that the microgrid operation strategy and electric vehicles charging demand have a significant impact on the island microgrid reliability, which proves the effectiveness of the method.

Key words: electric vehicle, island microgrid, load reduction, power supply reliability, Monte Carlo

中图分类号:

TM73

梁海峰, 李梓杨, 郭杰. 计及电动汽车充电需求的孤岛微网可靠性计算方法[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(11): 49-59.

LIANG Haifeng, LI Ziyang, GUO Jie. Reliability Calculation Method for Island Microgrid Considering Electric Vehicle Charging Demand[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2020, 41(11): 49-59.

图/表 21

图1 出行链结构图

Fig.1 Structure of trip chain

图2 NHTS 2017数据集中的主要数据属性

Fig.2 Main attributes in NHTS 2017 dataset

图3 微网结构图

Fig.3 Structure of a microgrid

图4 某风电机组7日内出力变化

Fig.4 Output power changes of a wind power generator in 7 days

图5 孤岛微网运行策略示意图

Fig.5 Diagram of the operation strategy of the island microgrid

表1 各负荷区块的重要度

Table 1 Importance index of each load block

图6 时序模拟算法流程图

Fig.6 Flow chart of sequential simulation

表2 元件可靠性参数

Table 2 Reliability parameters of components

表3 微网内EV参数

Table 3 Parameters of EVs in the microgrid

表4 出行目的的占比

Table 4 Proportion of trip purposes

表5 日首次出行出发时刻的分布参数

Table 5 Distribution parameters of the first departure time of a day

表6 行驶时长的分布参数

Table 6 Distribution parameters of driving duration

图7 原始数据和模拟数据的行驶里程对比

Fig.7 Comparison of trip mileage of original and simulated data

图8 负荷点故障率指标

Fig.8 Failure rate of load points

图9 负荷点平均停电时间

Fig.9 Average power outage time of load points

表7 孤岛微网的可靠性指标

Table 7 Reliability indexes of island microgrid

表8 运行策略的经济性对比

Table 8 Comparison of economic indexes

图10 是否计及EV充电的负荷点故障率对比

Fig.10 Comparison of load point failure rates between considering and not considering EV charging load

图11 是否计及EV充电的负荷点平均停电时间对比

Fig.11 Comparison of load point average power outage time between considering and not considering EV charging load

表9 是否计及EV充电的孤岛微网可靠性指标对比

Table 9 Comparison of reliability indexes of island microgrid with or without EV charging load

表10 并网与孤岛运行模式下的微网可靠性指标对比

Table 10 Comparison of microgrid reliability indexes under grid-connected and island modes

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