智能合约技术下微电网群电能分布式交易模型

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

配电网中大量独立决策的微电网参与电力市场竞争,使传统集中化交易模式面临决策耗时长、信任成本高和隐私安全等问题。针对这种情况,文章提出智能合约技术下的微电网群电能分布式交易模型。首先,构建了一个适应于电能参与分布式交易的电能交易谈判市场智能合约模型,以保障参与用户的利益。其次,为实现配电网的安全运行,提出了适用于智能合约的网络安全约束方法。最后,针对该交易模型改进了区块链的链下扩容架构,以保障区块链计算能力,同时确保所有历史数据存储的安全性和可追溯性。该方法在IEEE 33节点网络上进行了测试,结果表明所提电能分布式交易模型不会违反网络约束,并且市场参与主体能从交易中获利。

关键词: 分布式交易, 智能合约, 链下扩容, 网络约束

Abstract:

A large number of independent decision-making microgrids participate in the power market competition in the distribution network, which makes the traditional centralized trading face the problems of long decision-making time, high cost of trust and privacy security. In the face of this situation, a distributed transaction model of electricity in multi-microgrid applying smart contract technology is proposed. Firstly, a smart contract model of electricity trading negotiation market is constructed to protect the interests of users. Secondly, in order to realize safe operation of the distribution network, a network security constraint method suitable for smart contract is proposed. Finally, according to the transaction model, the off-chain scalability architecture of the blockchain is improved to ensure the computing capability of the blockchain, and ensure the security and traceability of all historical data storage. The method is tested on the IEEE 33-bus network, and the results show that the proposed distributed transaction model does not violate the network constraints, and the market participants can profit from the transaction.

Key words: distributed transaction, smart contract, off-chain scalability, network constraints

中图分类号:

TM73

马腾, 刘洋, 刘俊, 蒋拯, 许立雄. 智能合约技术下微电网群电能分布式交易模型[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(1): 41-48.

MA Teng, LIU Yang, LIU Jun, JIANG Zheng, XU Lixiong. Distributed Transaction Model of Electricity in Multi-microgrid Applying Smart Contract Technology[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2021, 42(1): 41-48.

图/表 18

图1 配电网电能分布式交易系统框架

Fig.1 Framework of distributed electricity trading system for distribution network

图2 智能合约原理

Fig.2 Principle of the smart contract

图3 基于双链的底层支撑框架

Fig.3 Bottom support framework based on double chains

图4 IEEE 33节点系统结构

Fig.4 Structure of IEEE 33 bus system

图5 谈判传播因子影响

Fig.5 Impact of negotiation communication factors

图6 交易电量

Fig.6 Electricity transaction

表1 电量交易成本

Table 1 Cost of electricity transaction

图7 节点电压直方图

Fig.7 Histogram of bus voltages

表2 微电网9临时合同

Table 2 Temporary contract of microgrid 9 元

表3 微电网9交易结果

Table 3 Trading results of microgrid 9

图8 微电网9的调度情况

Fig.8 Scheduling of microgrid 9

图9 交易电量对比

Fig.9 Comparison of electricity transactions

图10 支路容量占用对比

Fig.10 Comparison of branch capacity occupation

表A1 微电网分时电价

Table A1 Time sharing tariff of microgrid元/(kW·h)

表A2 储能装置参数

Table A2 Parameters of energy storage device

图A1 风电机组出力

Fig.A1 Wind turbine output

表A3 配电网支路参数

Table A3 Branch parameters of distribution network

图A2 光伏出力

Fig. A2 Photovoltaic output

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