预防暂态低频减载的储能容量配置多目标动态优化方法

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在系统受到扰动而引起频率下降的暂态过程中,如果瞬时频率过低,将会触发不必要的低频减载,导致系统的供电可靠性降低。储能由于其具有快速功率调节能力,可以避免不必要的暂态低频减载。首先,基于电力系统等值频率响应模型提出了适合储能容量配置的具有分段函数约束的多目标动态优化模型,旨在同时考虑储能配置成本和暂态频率调节性能2个相互冲突的目标。然后,采用大M法和隐式梯形积分法将多目标动态优化模型转化为多目标混合整数二次规划模型。采用规格化法平面约束法和CPLEX求解器获得其帕累托最优解。最后,基于IEEE 24节点系统的仿真计算验证了所提多目标储能配置模型的有效性。

关键词: 储能系统, 快速调频, 多目标动态优化, 大M法, 储能容量配置

Abstract:

During the frequency decline process of a power system subject to a disturbance, unnecessary under-frequency load shedding will be triggered if the instantaneous frequency is too low. This will reduce the power system reliability. Energy storage can be used to mitigate the unnecessary transient under-frequency load shedding due to its fast power regulation ability. According to the equivalent frequency response model of power systems, this paper proposes a multi-objective dynamic optimization model with piecewise function constraints which is suitable for the configuration of energy storage capacity. This model aims to consider two conflict objectives at the same time, such as the cost of energy storage configuration and the performance of transient frequency regulation. The big-M method and implicit trapezoid integration method are used to transform the multi-objective dynamic optimization model into a multi-objective mixed integer quadratic programming model. Then the normalized normal constraint method and CPLEX solver are used to obtain the Pareto optimal solution. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed multi-objective optimization model of energy storage capacity configuration is validated with the simulation result on the IEEE 24-bus system.

Key words: energy storage system, fast frequency regulation, multi-objective dynamic optimization, big-M method, energy storage capacity configuration

中图分类号:

TM74

刘庆楷, 刘明波, 陆文甜. 预防暂态低频减载的储能容量配置多目标动态优化方法[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(3): 81-88.

LIU Qingkai, LIU Mingbo, LU Wentian. Multi-objective Dynamic Optimization Method for Capacity Configuration of Energy Storage System to Mitigate Transient Under-Frequency Load Shedding[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2021, 42(3): 81-88.

图/表 11

图1 电力系统等值频率响应模型

Fig.1 Equivalent frequency response model of power system

图2 多目标动态优化流程

Fig.2 Flowchart of the multi-objective dynamic optimization

图3 IEEE 24节点系统接线图

Fig.3 Connection diagram of IEEE 24-bus system

表1 IEEE 24节点系统参数

Table 1 Parameters of IEEE 24-bus System

图4 储能配置两目标优化模型的帕累托前沿

Fig.4 Pareto frontier of bi-objective optimization model for energy storage configuration

表2 3种储能配置方案比较

Table 2 Comparison of three schemes for energy storage configuration

图5 3种配置方案的系统频率曲线

Fig.5 System frequency response curves under three schemes for energy storage configuration

图6 3种配置方案的系统频率变化率曲线

Fig.6 Curves of rate of frequency change under three schemes for energy storage configuration

图7 3种配置方案的储能输出功率曲线

Fig.7 Output power curves of energy storage under three configuration schemes

图8 对应配置方案1的储能SOC变化曲线

Fig.8 SOC curve under energy storage configuration scheme 1

图9 采用仿真模型与计算模型得到频率变化曲线对比

Fig.9 Comparison of system frequency-response curves from simulation and calculation model

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