模块化多电平换流器电容用量的标幺化分析与设计方法

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.11.001

电力建设 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1-12.doi: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.11.001

• 直流电网关键装备·栏目主持宋强副教授、余占清副教授、赵彪副教授· • 上一篇下一篇

模块化多电平换流器电容用量的标幺化分析与设计方法

周月宾¹, 宋强²(), 杨柳¹, 张楠³, 李政轩², 曹琬钰¹

1.直流输电技术国家重点实验室(南方电网科学研究院),广州市 510663
2.电力系统及大型发电设备安全控制和仿真国家重点实验室(清华大学),北京市 100084
3.中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心,广州市 510663

收稿日期:2021-05-31 出版日期:2021-11-01 发布日期:2021-11-02
作者简介:周月宾(1987),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为柔性直流输电技术;
宋强(1975),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为大功率电力电子技术和柔性交直流输电技术,E-mail: songqiang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn;
杨柳( 1989),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为柔性直流输电技术;
张楠 (1978), 男, 硕士,高级工程师, 主要研究方向为高压直流输电控制保护;
李政轩(1995),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为柔性直流输电技术;
曹琬钰( 1988),女,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为柔性直流输电技术。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB0901005);南方电网公司科技项目(ZBKJXM20180663)

Design and Analysis for Energy Storage Requirements of Modular Multilevel Converter Applying Per-unit Model

ZHOU Yuebin¹, SONG Qiang²(), YANG Liu¹, ZHANG Nan³, LI Zhengxuan², CAO Wanyu¹

1. State Key Laboratory of HVDC (Electric Power Research Institute, CSG), Guangzhou 510663, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Power System and Generation Equipment (Tsinghua University), Beijing 100084, China
3. Maintenance and Test Center of Extra High Voltage Power Transmission Co., China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510663, China

Received:2021-05-31 Online:2021-11-01 Published:2021-11-02
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0901005);Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid(ZBKJXM20180663)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

子模块电容用量是影响模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)体积和成本的关键因素。提出了以单位容量额定储能值作为MMC电容用量的统一的衡量与直接设计指标,建立了直接描述MMC所需额定储能值与电容电压波动率之间关系的标幺化计算模型,使不同额定参数MMC的电容用量的衡量、计算和分析可以得到统一和简化。与以子模块电容值作为分析和设计指标的传统方法相比,MMC额定储能值标幺化计算模型去除了多种参数对计算过程的影响,揭示了基准调制比和输出功率范围是影响MMC额定储能值的关键因素。基于所提出的额定储能值标幺化计算模型,对MMC额定储能设计值随基准调制比和功率输出范围的变化规律进行了详细分析,为MMC电容用量的设计和优化提供了明确的依据。数字仿真和物理试验结果验证了所提方法的正确性。

关键词: 模块化多电平换流器(MMC), 电容电压波动, 电容用量, 额定储能值

Abstract:

The submodule capacitance is a key factor affecting the volume and cost of modular multilevel converter (MMC). The normalized value of the energy stored in an MMC with respect to the rated capacity is taken as the unified index for evaluating the capacitance usage of an MMC. A per-unit model that describes the relationship between energy storage requirement (ESR) value and the fluctuation rate of capacitor voltage is established. Thereby, the evaluation, calculation and analysis of the ESR values of MMCs with different rated parameters can be unified and simplified. Compared with the conventional methods of taking the capacitance value as the design and analysis index, the per-unit model for calculating the ESR value eliminates the influence of various parameters on the calculation results. It is revealed that the ESR value is mainly affected by the base modulation index and the per-unit active and reactive power output. Based on the proposed model, the variation of the ESR value with the modulation index and the power output range is analyzed in detail, which provides a clear and accurate basis for the design and optimization of MMC capacitance usage. The results of digital simulation and experimental results verify the proposed methods.

Key words: modular multilevel converter(MMC), capacitor voltage fluctuation, capacitance usage, rated energy-storage requirement

中图分类号:

TM721

周月宾, 宋强, 杨柳, 张楠, 李政轩, 曹琬钰. 模块化多电平换流器电容用量的标幺化分析与设计方法[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(11): 1-12.

ZHOU Yuebin, SONG Qiang, YANG Liu, ZHANG Nan, LI Zhengxuan, CAO Wanyu. Design and Analysis for Energy Storage Requirements of Modular Multilevel Converter Applying Per-unit Model[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2021, 42(11): 1-12.

图/表 18

图1 MMC桥臂示意图

Fig.1 Diagram of the arm of MMC

图2 MMC并网等效电路

Fig.2 Equivalent circuit for an MMC connected to AC grid

图3 MMC额定储能设计值计算流程

Fig.3 Flowchart for calculating the rated energy storage of MMC

图4 MMC的PQ功率圆图

Fig.4 PQ diagram of an MMC

图5 MMC储能需求值随运行工况变化的曲线

Fig.5 Curve of the values of energy storage requirement of MMC varying with power factor angle

图6 运行点沿功率圆变化时的电压波动率曲线

Fig.6 Curve of the capacitor voltage fluctuation rate varying with the power output.

图7 最大容性无功限定模式的PQ功率圆图

Fig.7 PQ diagram of MMC when limiting the maximum reactive power

图8 最大容性无功限定模式下的MMC储能需求值随运行工况变化的曲线

Fig.8 Curve of the values of energy storage requirement of MMC varying with power factor angle when limiting the maximum reactive pwoer

图9 MMC额定储能设计值 E n o m _ R *随M0和Qcmax变化的三维曲线

Fig.9 3-D Curve of the designed rated value of the energy storage requirement varying with the base modulation index and maximum allowable reactive power

图10 几种典型基准调制比下的MMC额定储能设计值 E n o m _ R *随Qcmax变化的曲线

Fig.10 Curves of the designed rated value of the energy storage requirement varying with the maximum allowable reactive power under several typical modulation indices

表1 典型工程的关键参数

Table 1 Key parameters of the typical projects

表2 仿真模型的关键参数

Table 2 Key parameters of the simulation model

图11 电容电压波动率理论结果和仿真结果对比

Fig.11 Comparison of the simulated and analytically calculated results for the capacitor voltage fluctuation rate

图12 几种典型工况下的电容电压波动仿真波形

Fig.12 Simulated waveforms of the capacitor voltage for several typical operating conditions

图13 最大无功限定模式下的电容电压波动率的理论计算结果和仿真结果的对比

Fig.13 Comparison of the simulated and analytically calculated results for the capacitor voltage fluctuation rate when limiting the maximum reactive power

表3 物理试验样机关键参数

Table 3 Key parameters of the experimental prototype

图14 φ=0工况的物理试验结果

Fig.14 The experimental waveforms when φ=0

图15 φ=π/2工况的物理试验结果

Fig.15 The experimental waveforms when φ=π/2

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模块化多电平换流器电容用量的标幺化分析与设计方法

Design and Analysis for Energy Storage Requirements of Modular Multilevel Converter Applying Per-unit Model

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