基于风机调频特性的储能配置方法及协调运行策略

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对大规模风电机组(wind turbine,WT)接入电网,导致电网惯量响应能力和调频备用容量不足,进而造成电网频率稳定性下降的问题,文章提出一种风储系统与等容量同步发电机等惯量响应能力的储能(energy storage,ES)配置方法。方法旨在实现WT取代同步发电机接入电网前后,电网惯量响应能力和调频能力不变。并在此基础上,根据WT在不同风速下,具有不同的调频能力这一特性,文章进一步提出了风储协调控制策略,该策略既能在低风速下提供惯量响应支持,又能在中风速下辅助WT转速恢复,避免频率二次跌落。仿真结果表明,仅配置风电场额定功率5%的容量,既可补偿电网惯量响应能力,又能满足WT转速恢复所需功率,大大提升了电网频率运行稳定性。

关键词: 风力发电机, 惯量响应, 调频, 储能配置, 协调控制

Abstract:

Large-scale wind power connected to the power grid leads to the decrease of inertia response capacity and frequency-regulation reserve capacity of the power grid, and then the frequency stability of power grid is decreased. A method for energy storage (ES) configuration helps wind power units to provide the same inertia response capacity as equal capacity synchronous generator is proposed. The aim is to realize that the inertia response capacity of the grid and the overall frequency-regulation capacity of the system remain unchanged before and after wind power units instead of the synchronous generator connecting with the grid. On this basis, wind power units have different frequency-regulation ability under different wind speeds. Furthermore, a coordinated control strategy of combined wind and storage system is proposed, which can not only provide inertia response support at low wind speeds, but also assist wind power units to recover their rotating speed at medium wind speed to avoid secondary frequency drops. The simulation results show that energy storage with the capacity equalled to only 5% of the rated power of the wind farm can compensate the inertia response capacity of the power grid, as well as the power needed to restore the wind power units’ speed, which greatly improves the operation frequency stability of the power grid.

Key words: wind turbine(WT), inertia response, frequency regulation, energy storage configuration, coordinated control

中图分类号:

TM715

陈长青, 李欣然, 杨徉, 刘小龙. 基于风机调频特性的储能配置方法及协调运行策略[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(1): 96-103.

CHEN Changqing, LI Xinran, YANG Yang, LIU Xiaolong. Energy Storage Configuration Method and Coordinated Operation Strategy Based on Wind Power Frequency-Regulation Characteristics[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2022, 43(1): 96-103.

图/表 14

图1 火电机组调频模型

Fig.1 Frequency-regulation model of thermal power unit

图2 WT参与系统调频示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of wind power units participating in frequency-regulation system

图3 单区域电网ES参与调频等效模型

Fig.3 Equivalent model of energy storage and frequency-regulation in a single regional power grid

图4 风储系统调频协调控制策略

Fig.4 Frequency-regulation coordinated control strategy of combined wind power and energy storage system

图5 风储系统调频控制框图

Fig.5 Frequency-regulation control block diagram of combined wind power and energy storage system

图6 火电机组区域电网调频动态模型

Fig.6 Dynamic frequency-regulation model of regional power grid for thermal power units

图7 含ES的区域电网调频动态模型

Fig.7 Frequency-regulation dynamic model of regional power grid with energy storage

图8 区域电网幅频特性曲线

Fig.8 Amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of regional power grid

图9 区域电网负荷波动幅频特性曲线

Fig.9 Amplitude frequency characteristic curve of regional power network load fluctuation

表1 不同场景下ES配置影响异同

Table 1 Similarities and differences in the influence of ES configuration in different scenarios

图10 系统仿真模型

Fig.10 System simulation model

表2 电网模型参数

Table 2 Grid model parameters

图11 低风速下仿真分析

Fig.11 Simulation analysis at low wind speed

图12 中风速下仿真分析

Fig.12 Simulation analysis at middle wind speed

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