换相失败下STATCOM助增暂态过电压机理与优化策略

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着新能源发电的大规模接入,交直流输电系统“强直弱交”特点日益突出。当直流输电系统发生换相失败时,弱送端系统会产生暂态过电压。静止同步补偿器(static synchronous compensator, STATCOM)响应电网电压的变化时,其控制环节的滞后性会导致STATCOM对暂态过电压产生助增作用。针对该现象,文章首先分析了换相失败下弱送端系统暂态过电压的产生机理,接着通过分析频率响应特性,对STATCOM响应滞后时间给出了理论推导,最后针对STATCOM响应滞后特性提出了一种基于阻尼投切的优化策略,以抑制STATCOM对过电压的助增作用,并通过仿真验证了优化策略的有效性。

关键词: 静止同步补偿器(STATCOM), 换相失败, 高压直流输电, 暂态过电压

Abstract:

With the large-scale access of new energy, the power grid presents the characteristics of strong DC system and weak AC system. When commutation failure occurs in HVDC transmission system, transient overvoltage will appear in weak sending end system. Since STATCOM responds to the change of grid voltage through the command of control link, the lag of its control link will lead to the enhancement of transient overvoltage by STATCOM. Firstly, in view of this phenomenon, this paper analyzes the generation mechanism of AC transient overvoltage in weak sending end system under commutation failure. Secondly, by analyzing the frequency response characteristics, theoretical derivation of STATCOM response delay time is given. Finally, an optimization strategy based on damped switching is proposed to suppress STATCOM’s increasing effect on overvoltage response, and the effectiveness of the optimization strategy is verified by simulation. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51277066) and State Grid Corporation of China Research Program (No. 5102-201956301A-0-0-00).

Key words: STATCOM, commutation failure, HVDC, transient overvoltage

中图分类号:

TM712

梁卓航, 时纯, 李岩松, 刘君. 换相失败下STATCOM助增暂态过电压机理与优化策略[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(6): 66-74.

LIANG Zhuohang, SHI Chun, LI Yansong, LIU Jun. Mechanism of STATCOM Assisting Transient Voltage under Commutation Failure at Weak Sending End System and Its Optimization Strategy[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2022, 43(6): 66-74.

图/表 17

图1 STATCOM等值电路

Fig.1 Equivalent circuit of STATCOM

图2 STATCOM拓扑和控制结构

Fig.2 Topology and control structure of STATCOM

表1 控制结构典型参数

Table 1 Typical parameters of control link

图3 控制系统传递函数Bode图

Fig.3 Bode diagram of control system

图4 响应滞后时间随输入信号频率变化趋势图

Fig.4 Relationship between lag time and input signal frequency

图5 送端交流母线电压傅里叶频谱分析结果

Fig.5 Fourier spectrum analysis results of the AC bus voltage at the sending end

图6 不同送端SCR交流母线暂态过电压示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of transient overvoltage of AC sending end with different SCR

图7 不同送受端SCR整流侧交流母线暂态过电压示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of transient overvoltage of rectifier AC bus with different sending and receiving end SCR

图8 基于阻尼投切的STATCOM优化策略结构

Fig.8 Optimization strategy structure of STATCOM hysteresis characteristics based on damping switching

图9 阻尼投切控制环节示意图

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of damping switching control link

图10 仿真电路结构

Fig.10 Structure of simulation circuit

图11 逆变侧γ波形

Fig.11 γ waveform on the inverter side

图12 优化前后对比

Fig.12 Comparison before and after optimization

图13 阻尼投切信号示意图

Fig.13 Comparison before and after optimization

表2 对比量详细数据

Table 2 Detailed data of contrast volume

图14 三相接地故障时优化前后对比

Fig.14 Comparison before and after optimization under three-phase grounding fault

表3 三相接地故障时对比量详细数据

Table 3 Detailed data of contrast volume under three-phase grounding fault

参考文献 27

[1]	王俊. 浅谈电容无功补偿的常用计算[J]. 数字技术与应用, 2010(12): 90.
[2]	韩民晓, 文俊, 徐永海. 高压直流输电原理与运行[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2009.
[3]	卢东斌, 田杰, 李海英, 等. 电网换相换流器和电压源换流器串联组成的混合直流换流器控制和保护研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2020, 48(15): 92-101.
	LU Dongbin, TIAN Jie, LI Haiying, et al. Control and protection of series hybrid DC converters with a line-commutated converter and a voltage source converter[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2020, 48(15): 92-101.
[4]	郭小江, 马世英, 申洪, 等. 大规模风电直流外送方案与系统稳定控制策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2012, 36(15): 107-115.
	GUO Xiaojiang, MA Shiying, SHEN Hong, et al. HVDC grid connection schemes and system stability control strategies for large-scale wind power[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2012, 36(15): 107-115.
[5]	王艺璇, 张鑫, 穆清, 等. 特高压直流分层接入系统换相失败预防控制参数优化[J]. 高电压技术, 2018, 44(1): 329-336.
	WANG Yixuan, ZHANG Xin, MU Qing, et al. Parameter optimization of commutation failure prevention and control of UHVDC hierarchical connection to AC grid system[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018, 44(1): 329-336.
[6]	邢超, 奚鑫泽, 李胜男, 等. 大容量STATCOM对于受端直流换流站运行与故障特性影响[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2019, 47(15): 78-85.
	XING Chao, XI Xinze, LI Shengnan, et al. Effect of large capacity STATCOM on operation and fault characteristics of receiving DC converter station[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2019, 47(15): 78-85.
[7]	刘振亚, 张启平, 董存, 等. 通过特高压直流实现大型能源基地风、光、火电力大规模高效率安全外送研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(16): 2513-2522.
	LIU Zhenya, ZHANG Qiping, DONG Cun, et al. Efficient and security transmission of wind, photovoltaic and thermal power of large-scale energy resource bases through UHVDC projects[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(16): 2513-2522.
[8]	付敏, 赫英明, 印钊阳. 弱送端HVDC系统中无功补偿装置的性能分析[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2019, 31(6): 129-136.
	FU Min, HE Yingming, YIN Zhaoyang. Performance analysis of reactive power compensation device at weak sending end in HVDC system[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2019, 31(6): 129-136.
[9]	付文秀, 范春菊. SVG在双馈风力发电系统电压无功控制中的应用[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2015, 43(3): 61-68.
	FU Wenxiu, FAN Chunju. Application of SVG in voltage and reactive power control of doubly-fed induction generation system[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2015, 43(3): 61-68.
[10]	李高望, 李亚男, 邹欣. ±800kV锡盟-泰州特高压直流输电工程交流侧暂态过电压[J]. 电力建设, 2015, 36(9): 57-61.
	LI Gaowang, LI Yanan, ZOU Xin. AC-side transient overvoltage in ± 800 kV Ximeng-Taizhou UHVDC transmission project[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2015, 36(9): 57-61.
[11]	艾红杰, 黄金海, 吴金波, 等. 陕北—武汉特高压直流输电工程无功控制策略研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2021, 49(14): 149-156.
	AI Hongjie, HUANG Jinhai, WU Jinbo, et al. Reactive power control strategy for the Shanbei—Wuhan UHVDC transmission project[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2021, 49(14): 149-156.
[12]	GUO C Y, ZHANG Y, GOLE A M, et al. Analysis of dual-infeed HVDC with LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2012, 27(3): 1529-1537.
[13]	金一丁, 于钊, 李明节, 等. 新一代调相机与电力电子无功补偿装置在特高压交直流电网中应用的比较[J]. 电网技术, 2018, 42(7): 2095-2102.
	JIN Yiding, YU Zhao, LI Mingjie, et al. Comparison of new generation synchronous condenser and power electronic reactive-power compensation devices in application in UHV DC/AC grid[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(7): 2095-2102.
[14]	郭春义, 蒋雯, 郑安然, 等. 弱交流系统下STATCOM对LCC-HVDC小干扰稳定裕度的影响研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(19): 5679-5686, 5925.
	GUO Chunyi, JIANG Wen, ZHENG Anran, et al. Impact of STATCOM on the small-signal stability margin of LCC-HVDC under weak AC grid conditions[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(19): 5679-5686, 5925.
[15]	索之闻, 刘建琴, 蒋维勇, 等. 大规模新能源直流外送系统调相机配置研究[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2019, 39(9): 124-129.
	SUO Zhiwen, LIU Jianqin, JIANG Weiyong, et al. Research on synchronous condenser configuration of large-scale renewable energy DC transmission system[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2019, 39(9): 124-129.
[16]	李旭旻, 顾丹珍, 杨秀, 等. Statcom对多馈入直流输电系统换相失败恢复过程的影响[J]. 电测与仪表, 2020, 57(13): 55-60, 111.
	LI Xumin, GU Danzhen, YANG Xiu, et al. Effect of Statcom on recovery process of commutation failure in multi-infeed HVDC system[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2020, 57(13): 55-60, 111.
[17]	毕训训. 静止无功发生器控制策略研究[D]. 西安: 西安科技大学, 2019.
	BI Xunxun. Study on control strategy of static var generator[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2019.
[18]	高本锋, 毛亚鹏. STATCOM与HVDC综合协调控制策略[J]. 电测与仪表, 2018, 55(14): 82-87, 112.
	GAO Benfeng, MAO Yapeng. Coordinated control strategy of STATCOM and HVDC[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2018, 55(14): 82-87, 112.
[19]	高三策. SVG无功补偿装置的设计与实现[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2019.
	GAO Sance. Design and implementation of SVG reactive power compensation device[D]. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2019.
[20]	周娟, 杨擎, 董浩, 等. H桥级联型STATCOM启动策略研究[J]. 电测与仪表, 2016, 53(8): 32-37, 56.
	ZHOU Juan, YANG Qing, DONG Hao, et al. Research on H-bridge cascaded STATCOM starting strategy[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2016, 53(8): 32-37, 56.
[21]	屠竞哲, 张健, 刘明松, 等. 风火打捆直流外送系统直流故障引发风机脱网的问题研究[J]. 电网技术, 2015, 39(12): 3333-3338.
	TU Jingzhe, ZHANG Jian, LIU Mingsong, et al. Study on wind turbine generators tripping caused by HVDC contingencies of wind-thermal-bundled HVDC transmission systems[J]. Power System Technology, 2015, 39(12): 3333-3338.
[22]	刘琳, 雷霄, 孔祥平, 等. 抑制换相失败期间送端电网过电压的控制策略研究[J]. 电力工程技术, 2019, 38(3): 60-66.
	LIU Lin, LEI Xiao, KONG Xiangping, et al. The control strategy for suppressing overvoltage of sending grid during commutation failure[J]. Electric Power Engineering Technology, 2019, 38(3): 60-66.
[23]	刘博, 郭春义, 赵成勇. 直流斩波器对抑制换相失败引发的弱送端电网暂态过电压的研究[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(10): 3578-3586.
	LIU Bo, GUO Chunyi, ZHAO Chengyong. Research on DC chopper in suppressing transient overvoltage of weak sending terminal caused by commutation failure[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(10): 3578-3586.
[24]	吕清洁, 徐政, 李晖, 等. 动态无功补偿对风电场暂态电压的影响及控制策略[J]. 电力建设, 2015, 36(8): 122-129.
	LYU Qingjie, XU Zheng, LI Hui, et al. Effects of dynamic reactive power compensation on wind farm transient voltage and its control strategy research[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2015, 36(8): 122-129.
[25]	石宗林. 静止无功发生器(SVG)无功电流检测及控制策略研究[D]. 锦州: 辽宁工业大学, 2014.
	SHI Zonglin. The reactive power detection method and the control strategy of static var generator(SVG)[D]. Jinzhou: Liaoning University of Technology, 2014.
[26]	赵学明, 李永丽, 孙广宇, 等. 换相失败对含风电场的交直流混联系统送端过电压的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2019, 45(11): 3666-3673.
	ZHAO Xueming, LI Yongli, SUN Guangyu, et al. Effect of commutation failure on the overvoltage on rectifier station in AC/DC hybrid power system with wind farms[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2019, 45(11): 3666-3673.
[27]	屠竞哲, 张健, 曾兵, 等. 直流换相失败及恢复过程暂态无功特性及控制参数影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43(7): 2131-2139.
	TU Jingzhe, ZHANG Jian, ZENG Bing, et al. HVDC transient reactive power characteristics and impact of control system parameters during commutation failure and recovery[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(7): 2131-2139.