基于宽频振荡稳定约束的风电接入容量分析

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2023.02.008

电力建设 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 83-91.doi: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2023.02.008

基于宽频振荡稳定约束的风电接入容量分析

吴琛¹(), 刘威²(), 张丹³(), 谢小荣²(), 黄伟³(), 郑超³()

1.云南电网有限责任公司规划建设研究中心,昆明市 650011
2.清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京市 100084
3.云南电力调度控制中心,昆明市 650011

收稿日期:2022-05-06 出版日期:2023-02-01 发布日期:2023-01-30
通讯作者: 刘威(1994),男,博士,主要研究方向为电力系统稳定与控制,E-mail:liuw17@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn。
作者简介:吴琛(1974),女,硕士,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统及自动化,E-mail:elfwu@21cn.com;
张丹(1980),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统分析、运行与控制,E-mail:6950704@qq.com;
谢小荣(1975),男,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为电力系统次同步振荡的分析与抑制,E-mail:xiexr@tsinghua.edu.cn;
黄伟(1979),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统分析与运行管理,E-mail:haxwell@163.com;
郑超(1991),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统稳定与控制、综合能源系统运行优化、人工智能在电力系统中的运用等,E-mail:kmzc1991@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51925701);国家自然科学基金项目(51537007);云南省重大科技专项计划(202002AF080001);云南电网有限责任公司科技项目(YNKJXM20210097)

Wind Power Penetration Capacity Analysis Based on Wide-Band Oscillation Constraint

WU Chen¹(), LIU Wei²(), ZHANG Dan³(), XIE Xiaorong²(), HUANG Wei³(), ZHENG Chao³()

1. Planning and Construction Research Center of Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650011, China
2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3. Yunnan Electric Power Dispatching Center, Kunming 650011, China

Received:2022-05-06 Online:2023-02-01 Published:2023-01-30
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51925701);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51537007);Major Science and Technology Special Plan of Yunnan Province(202002AF080001);Scientific Project of Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd.(YNKJXM20210097)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

风电的大规模接入可能引发严重的宽频振荡。宽频振荡与风电场的容量、接入点阻抗以及机组的运行工况等密切相关。文章采用阻抗模型方法分析风电并网系统的宽频振荡特性,明确宽频振荡约束下的风电接入容量与电网阻抗之间的关系。首先,建立了风电机组的全工况阻抗模型,该模型以风电机组端口工频电压和输出电流为变量;然后,基于全工况阻抗模型分析了风电机组输出功率、接入点短路比等对风电并网系统宽频振荡的影响;进而,分析了风电场容量与接入点之间的关系,为风电场的建设和运行提供参考;最后,通过时域仿真验证了全工况阻抗模型分析结果的准确性。结果表明,基于全工况阻抗模型可以确定在不同电网条件下考虑宽频振荡稳定时风电场的最大接入容量。

关键词: 风电机组, 宽频振荡, 全工况阻抗模型, 稳定性分析, 短路比

Abstract:

The large-scale penetration of wind power may cause serious wide-band oscillations. Wide-band oscillation is closely related to the capacity of the wind farm, the interface impedance, and the operating conditions of wind turbines generators (WTGs). In this paper, the impedance model method is adopted to analyze the wide-band oscillatory characteristics of the wind power system, so as to clarify the relationship between the penetration capacity of the wind farm and the grid impedance under the constraint of wide-band oscillation. Firstly, the full-operating-condition impedance model (FOCIM) of the WTG is established, which takes the voltage and output current at the terminal as variables. Then, on the basis of the FOCIM, the effects of output power and short-circuit ratio (SCR) on the wide-band oscillation are analyzed. Furthermore, how the practicable maximum capacity of the wind farm varies with the grid impedance is studied, which is of reference value for the construction and operation of the wind farm. Finally, the accuracy of the analysis results of the FOCIM is verified by time-domain simulations. The results show that the practicable maximum capacity of the wind farm considering the constraint of wide-band oscillation can be determined on the basis of the FOCIM under different grid conditions.

Key words: wind turbines generator, wide-band oscillation, full-operating-condition impedance model, stability analysis, short-circuit ratio

中图分类号:

TM712

吴琛, 刘威, 张丹, 谢小荣, 黄伟, 郑超. 基于宽频振荡稳定约束的风电接入容量分析[J]. 电力建设, 2023, 44(2): 83-91.

WU Chen, LIU Wei, ZHANG Dan, XIE Xiaorong, HUANG Wei, ZHENG Chao. Wind Power Penetration Capacity Analysis Based on Wide-Band Oscillation Constraint[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2023, 44(2): 83-91.

图/表 13

图1 风电并网系统

Fig.1 Wind power system

图2 风电机组及其变流器控制

Fig.2 Wind turbine generator and its converter control

表1 风电机组(含控制)及变压器参数

Table 1 Parameters of WTG and transformer

表2 模型参数

Table 2 Model parameters

表3 各变量取值

Table 3 Values of all parameters

图3 风电机组宽频振荡稳定性分析

Fig.3 Wide-band oscillatory stability analysis of wind turbine generator

图4 聚合阻抗行列式零点随有功功率变化

Fig.4 Variation of zero point of aggregated impedance determinant with active power

图5 临界振荡稳定时有功功率随短路比变化

Fig.5 Variation of active power with short-circuit-ratio at critical oscillatory stability

图6 不同风电机组数量与线路电感下宽频振荡稳定性

Fig.6 Wide-band oscillatory stability under different number of wind turbine generators and line inductance

图7 功率变化时风电机组电压、电流和有功功率波形

Fig.7 Voltage, current and active power of the wind turbine generator with different active power

图8 P=0.80 pu时风电机组电流和有功功率波形频域分析

Fig.8 Spectrum of current and active power of the wind turbine generator when P=0.80 pu

图9 并网机组数量变化时风电机组电压、电流和有功功率波形

Fig.9 Voltage, current and active power of the wind turbine generator with different N

图10 N=115时风电机组电流和有功功率波形频域分析

Fig.10 Spectrum of current and active power of the wind turbine generator when N=115

参考文献 35

[1]	毛安家, 马静, 蒯圣宇, 等. 高比例新能源替代常规电源后系统暂态稳定与电压稳定的演化机理[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(9): 2745-2756.
	MAO Anjia, MA Jing, KUAI Shengyu, et al. Evolution mechanism of transient and voltage stability for power system with high renewable penetration level[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(9): 2745-2756.
[2]	周勤勇, 赵珊珊, 刘增训, 等. 高比例新能源电力系统稳定拐点释义[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44(8): 2979-2986.
	ZHOU Qinyong, ZHAO Shanshan, LIU Zengxun, et al. Discussion on inflection point for power system stability with high proportion of new energy generation[J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44(8): 2979-2986.
[3]	姜文玲, 王勃, 汪宁渤, 等. 多时空尺度下大型风电基地出力特性研究[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41(2): 493-499.
	JIANG Wenling, WANG Bo, WANG Ningbo, et al. Research on power output characteristics of large-scale wind power base in multiple temporal and spatial scales[J]. Power System Technology, 2017, 41(2): 493-499.
[4]	邵冰冰, 赵书强, 裴继坤, 等. 直驱风电场经VSC-HVDC并网的次同步振荡特性分析[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(9): 3344-3355.
	SHAO Bingbing, ZHAO Shuqiang, PEI Jikun, et al. Subsynchronous oscillation characteristic analysis of grid-connected DDWFs via VSC-HVDC system[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(9): 3344-3355.
[5]	张磊, 朱凌志, 姜达军, 等. 直驱风电机组模型构建方法及其实现[J]. 电网技术, 2016, 40(11): 3474-3481.
	ZHANG Lei, ZHU Lingzhi, JIANG Dajun, et al. Modelling approach and implementation of direct-drive wind turbine[J]. Power System Technology, 2016, 40(11): 3474-3481.
[6]	李晖, 王丹, 李庚银, 等. 永磁直驱风电系统网侧换流器混合控制策略研究[J]. 电力建设, 2017, 38(6): 133-141. doi: 103969/j.issn1000－7229201706018
	LI Hui, WANG Dan, LI Gengyin, et al. Compound control strategy for grid-side converter of PMSG-based wind power generation system[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(6): 133-141. doi: 103969/j.issn1000－7229201706018
[7]	谢小荣, 刘华坤, 贺静波, 等. 电力系统新型振荡问题浅析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(10): 2821-2828, 3133.
	XIE Xiaorong, LIU Huakun, HE Jingbo, et al. On new oscillation issues of power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(10): 2821-2828, 3133.
[8]	张思彤, 梁纪峰, 马燕峰, 等. 直驱风电场经柔性直流输电并网的宽频振荡特性分析[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2022, 50(14): 33-42.
	ZHANG Sitong, LIANG Jifeng, MA Yanfeng, et al. Broadband oscillation characteristics analysis of a VSC-HVDC connected direct drive wind farm[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2022, 50(14): 33-42.
[9]	王洋, 杜文娟, 王海风. 多风电场-多机电力系统次同步振荡稳定性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(22): 6562-6572.
	WANG Yang, DU Wenjuan, WANG Haifeng. Stability analysis of subsynchronous oscillation in multi-machine power system with multiple wind farms[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(22): 6562-6572.
[10]	郭贤珊, 李云丰, 谢欣涛, 等. 直驱风电场经柔直并网诱发的次同步振荡特性[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(4): 1149-1160, 1407.
	GUO Xianshan, LI Yunfeng, XIE Xintao, et al. Sub-synchronous oscillation characteristics caused by PMSG-based wind plant farm integrated via flexible HVDC system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(4): 1149-1160, 1407.
[11]	SHAIR J, XIE X R, YAN G G. Mitigating subsynchronous control interaction in wind power systems: existing techniques and open challenges[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 108: 330-346. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.04.003 URL
[12]	马静, 沈雅琦, 杜延菱, 等. 适应宽频振荡的风电并网系统主动阻尼技术综述[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45(5): 1673-1686.
	MA Jing, SHEN Yaqi, DU Yanling, et al. Overview on active damping technology of wind power integrated system adapting to broadband oscillation[J]. Power System Technology, 2021, 45(5): 1673-1686.
[13]	蒋容, 张英敏, 刘凯. 双馈风电机组抑制电力系统低频振荡的鲁棒控制策略[J]. 电力建设, 2017, 38(10): 41-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2017.10.006
	JIANG Rong, ZHANG Yingmin, LIU Kai. Robust control strategy of DFIG suppressing power system low frequency oscillations[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(10): 41-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2017.10.006
[14]	MUNTEANU I, BRATCU A I, BACHA S, et al. Hardware-in-the-loop-based simulator for a class of variable-speed wind energy conversion systems: design and performance assessment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2010, 25(2): 564-576. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2010.2042218 URL
[15]	赵书强, 高瑞鑫, 邵冰冰, 等. 多光伏发电单元并入弱交流电网系统的站内/站网次同步振荡特性分析[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(12): 49-58. doi: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.12.006
	ZHAO Shuqiang, GAO Ruixin, SHAO Bingbing, et al. Inside-plant and plant-grid sub-synchronous oscillation characteristics analysis of multiple PV generation units connected to a weak AC power grid[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2021, 42(12): 49-58. doi: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.12.006
[16]	高本锋, 崔意婵, 邵冰冰, 等. 直驱风电机组全运行区域的次同步振荡特性分析[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(2): 85-93. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.02.010
	GAO Benfeng, CUI Yichan, SHAO Bingbing, et al. Sub-synchronous oscillation characteristics of direct-drive PMSG under all operation regions when wind farms connected to weak AC system[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2020, 41(2): 85-93. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.02.010
[17]	唐冰婕, 迟永宁, 田新首, 等. 基于阻抗模型闭环极点的双馈风电系统次同步振荡稳定性分析[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44(3): 871-880.
	TANG Bingjie, CHI Yongning, TIAN Xinshou, et al. Stability analysis of subsynchronous oscillation in DFIG-based wind power system based on closed-loop poles of impedance model[J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44(3): 871-880.
[18]	袁丽丽, 阳育德, 覃智君, 等. 基于谐波阻抗特性的风电次同步振荡分析[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(4): 117-125. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.014
	YUAN Lili, YANG Yude, QIN Zhijun, et al. Analysis of sub-synchronous oscillation in wind farm according to harmonic impedance characteristics[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2020, 41(4): 117-125. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.014
[19]	武相强, 王赟程, 陈新, 等. 考虑频率耦合效应的三相并网逆变器序阻抗模型及其交互稳定性研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(5): 1605-1617.
	WU Xiangqiang, WANG Yuncheng, CHEN Xin, et al. Sequence impedance model and interaction stability research of three-phase grid-connected inverters with considering coupling effects[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(5): 1605-1617.
[20]	解宝, 周林, 郝高锋, 等. 考虑电网阻抗影响的光伏并网逆变器稳定性与谐振分析及设计[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(22): 6662-6671.
	XIE Bao, ZHOU Lin, HAO Gaofeng, et al. Stability and resonance analysis and design of photovoltaic grid-connected inverters with effect of grid impedance[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(22): 6662-6671.
[21]	赵伟哲, 崔成, 严干贵, 等. 用于次同步振荡分析的直驱风电场等值模型[J]. 智慧电力, 2022, 50(2): 22-28, 68.
	ZHAO Weizhe, CUI Cheng, YAN Gangui, et al. Equivalent model of D-PMSG-based wind farm for subsynchronous oscillation analysis[J]. Smart Power, 2022, 50(2): 22-28, 68.
[22]	袁赛军, 郝治国, 舒进. 适用于次同步振荡分析的直驱式风电场等值方法[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2022, 42(12): 66-71.
	YUAN Saijun, HAO Zhiguo, SHU Jin. Equivalent method of PMSG-based wind farm suitable for subsynchronous oscillation analysis[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42(12): 66-71.
[23]	辛拓, 申洪, 李扬絮, 等. 一种实用的风电场等值方法研究[J]. 广东电力, 2012, 25(4): 59-64.
	XIN Tuo, SHEN Hong, LI Yangxu, et al. Research on a practical equivalence method for wind farm[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2012, 25(4): 59-64.
[24]	占颖, 谢小荣, 柴炜, 等. 风电次/超同步振荡的安全域分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(23): 8446-8453.
	ZHAN Ying, XIE Xiaorong, CHAI Wei, et al. Analyzing the security region of sub/super- synchronous oscillation in wind power integrated systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(23): 8446-8453.
[25]	李龙源, 付瑞清, 吕晓琴, 等. 接入弱电网的同型机直驱风电场单机等值建模[J/OL]. 电工技术学报:1-14.[2022-05-06].DOI:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.211555. doi: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.211555
	LI Longyuan, FU Ruiqing, LÜ Xiaoqin, et al. Single machine equivalent modeling of weak grid connected wind farm with same type PMSGs[J/OL]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 1-14. [2022-05-06].DOI:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.211555. doi: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.211555
[26]	康佳乐, 余浩, 段瑶, 等. 风电场次同步振荡等值建模方法研究[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(6): 880-891. doi: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21121
	KANG Jiale, YU Hao, DUAN Yao, et al. Equivalent modeling method of sub-synchronous oscillation in wind farm[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(6): 880-891. doi: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21121
[27]	VARMA R K, MOHARANA A. SSR in double-cage induction generator-based wind farm connected to series-compensated transmission line[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2013, 28(3): 2573-2583. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2246841 URL
[28]	LI L Y, ZHANG H, FU R Q, et al. Dynamic equivalence method of DDPMSG wind farm for sub-synchronous oscillation analysis[C]// 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2020: 1-5.
[29]	LIU M Y, PAN W X, ZHANG Y B, et al. A dynamic equivalent model for DFIG-based wind farms[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 74931-74940. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2918359
[30]	XUE T, LYU J, WANG H, et al. A complete impedance model of a PMSG-based wind energy conversion system and its effect on the stability analysis of MMC-HVDC connected offshore wind farms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2021, 36(4): 3449-3461. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2021.3074798 URL
[31]	薛涛, 吕敬, 王凯, 等. 海上全功率风电机组精细化阻抗建模及机网侧耦合分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(12): 4303-4319.
	XUE Tao, LYU Jing, WANG Kai, et al. Accurate impedance modeling of an offshore full-power wind turbine system and analysis of the coupling characteristics between machine-and grid-side systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(12): 4303-4319.
[32]	徐衍会, 滕先浩. 风电场内机群间次同步振荡相互作用[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2020, 40(9): 156-164.
	XU Yanhui, TENG Xianhao. Interaction of sub-synchronous oscillation between wind turbine clusters in wind farm[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2020, 40(9): 156-164.
[33]	苏晨博, 刘崇茹, 李志显, 等. 基于阻抗法的大规模风电场等值方法研究[J]. 电测与仪表, 2022, 59(6): 90-97.
	SU Chenbo, LIU Chongru, LI Zhixian, et al. Research on equivalent method of large-scale wind farm based on impedance method[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2022, 59(6): 90-97.
[34]	刘威, 谢小荣, 黄金魁, 等. 并网变流器的频率耦合阻抗模型及其稳定性分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(3): 138-146.
	LIU Wei, XIE Xiaorong, HUANG Jinkui, et al. Frequency-coupled impedance model and stability analysis of grid-connected converter[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(3): 138-146.
[35]	LIU W, XIE X R, SHAIR J, et al. A nearly decoupled admittance model for grid-tied VSCs under variable operating conditions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, 35(9): 9380-9389. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2020.2971970 URL

基于宽频振荡稳定约束的风电接入容量分析

Wind Power Penetration Capacity Analysis Based on Wide-Band Oscillation Constraint

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 13

参考文献 35

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	李生虎, 叶剑桥, 张浩, 陈东, 朱争高. 基于DFIG功率振荡阻尼器的电力系统低频振荡抑制综述[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(9): 25-33.
[2]	康思伟, 董文凯, 郭诗然, 孙红军, 谢小荣. 基于虚拟同步机控制的新能源发电并网系统小干扰稳定临界短路比[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(3): 131-140.
[3]	张政, 彭晓涛, 李少林, 梁恺, 许饶琪, 张锐. 双馈风机附加频率控制对系统调频动态的影响[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(10): 89-100.
[4]	高本锋，崔意婵，邵冰冰，刘毅，赵书强. 直驱风电机组全运行区域的次同步振荡特性分析[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(2): 85-93.
[5]	原增泉, 许海平, 陈曦, 袁志宝. 共交流母线电动汽车充放电系统小信号建模及稳定性分析[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(11): 27-37.
[6]	田艳军，陈映妃，王慧，王毅，高皓楠. 光伏级联DC/DC变换器模式切换稳定性分析及降压运行策略[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(1): 97-105.
[7]	林章岁. 大容量柔性直流电系统接入对电网暂态稳定性影响分析[J]. 电力建设, 2017, 38(8): 136-.
[8]	郑宇，李杨，焦丰顺，文福拴，赵俊华，董朝阳. 含风电机组与电转气设备的虚拟电厂竞价策略 [J]. 电力建设, 2017, 38(7): 88-.
[9]	符杨，马媛，刘璐洁，唐征歧，屠聂华. 海上风电机组分阶段预防性维修策略[J]. 电力建设, 2017, 38(6): 124-.
[10]	朱林，高琴，蔡泽祥，张东辉，金小明，周保荣. 大容量直流输电系统的受端接入模式比较[J]. 电力建设, 2017, 38(4): 112-.
[11]	蒋容，张英敏，刘凯. 双馈风电机组抑制电力系统低频振荡的鲁棒控制策略[J]. 电力建设, 2017, 38(10): 41-.
[12]	吕思卓，杨滢，郑超，孙维真，李晶，张静. 改善多直流馈入系统稳定性的VDCOL参数优化[J]. 电力建设, 2016, 37(9): 79-.
[13]	田利，张阳，李德鑫. 提升低电压穿越能力的功率型储能系统容量配置及控制策略[J]. 电力建设, 2016, 37(8): 84-.
[14]	肖永，李校莹，赵天阳，刘文霞. 西部富水地区考虑网架约束的风电机组可信容量评估[J]. 电力建设, 2016, 37(6): 134-141.
[15]	王旌, 韩民晓，姚蜀军，田春筝，司瑞华，唐晓骏. 特高压直流输电分极接入运行特性分析[J]. 电力建设, 2016, 37(10): 54-.