数据中心多供电单元并联系统低频导纳建模及稳定性分析

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2023.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

数据中心供电系统内部多供电单元(power supply unit,PSU)与配电网间交互作用,易造成数据中心供电系统发生低频振荡现象,而当前针对数据中心多PSU低频振荡研究尚缺乏有效的分析模型。提出一种针对数据中心多PSU的低频导纳建模与稳定性分析方法。首先,在单相PSU低频导纳模型基础上,通过等效聚合多PSU频率耦合影响,建立考虑频率耦合效应及直流侧电压影响的多PSU低频导纳模型,以提高阻抗模型的精度。然后,建立多PSU并联系统中单相PSU低频导纳模型,并基于奈奎斯特稳定判据详细地分析PSU数量、容量和电压环参数对系统稳定性的影响,得出各因素对系统稳定性影响规律。最后,通过仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性,为数据中心电力系统规划设计及稳定性运行提供可靠的分析模型。

关键词: 数据中心, 多供电单元并联, 低频振荡, 频率耦合, 系统稳定性

Abstract:

In view of the interaction between the power supply unit (PSU) inside the data center power supply system and the power distribution network, it is easy to cause low-frequency oscillation in the power supply system of the data center. At present, there is no effective analysis model for the research on the low-frequency oscillation of parallel multiple PSUs in the data center. Therefore, this paper proposes a low-frequency admittance modeling and stability analysis method for parallel multiple PSUs in data centers. On the basis of the low-frequency admittance model of the single-phase PSU, a low-frequency admittance model of parallel multiple PSUs considering the frequency coupling effect and the influence of the DC-side voltage is established by equivalently aggregating the frequency coupling effects of parallel multiple PSUs to improve the accuracy of the impedance model. The low-frequency admittance model of single-phase PSU in the parallel system; and according to the Nyquist stability criterion, the influence of the number, capacity and voltage-loop parameters of the PSU on the system stability is analyzed in detail, and the influence law of each factor on the system stability is obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation, and a reliable analysis model is provided for the planning, design and stable operation of the data center power system.

Key words: data center, parallel multiple PSUs, low-frequency oscillation, frequency coupling, system stability

中图分类号:

TM712

张宇华, 孙晓鹏, 郜登科, 李鸿彪. 数据中心多供电单元并联系统低频导纳建模及稳定性分析[J]. 电力建设, 2023, 44(3): 66-76.

ZHANG Yuhua, SUN Xiaopeng, GAO Dengke, LI Hongbiao. Low-Frequency Admittance Modeling and Stability Analysis of Multiple PSUs Parallel System in Data Center[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2023, 44(3): 66-76.

图/表 19

图1 数据中心多PSU阻抗建模及稳定性分析结构图

Fig.1 Impedance modeling and stability analysis of parallel multiple PSUs in a data center

图2 数据中心的典型配电网络

Fig.2 Typical power distribution network in a data center

图3 Boost型PFC变换器拓扑结构

Fig.3 Topology of Boost PFC converter

图4 多并联PSU结构框图

Fig.4 Block diagram of multi-PSUs parallel structure

图5 多PSU扰动频率下小信号模型

Fig.5 Small-signal model of parallel multiple PSUs at perturbation frequencies

图6 多PSU耦合频率下小信号模型

Fig.6 Small-signal model of parallel multiple PSUs at coupling frequencies

图7 多PSU低频输入导纳等效电路

Fig.7 Low-frequency input admittance equivalent circuit of parallel multiple PSUs

表1 单PFC主电路参数

Table 1 Main circuit parameters of single-phase boost PFC

图8 频率耦合对多PSU并联阻抗的影响

Fig.8 Effect of frequency coupling on parallel impedance of parallel multiple PSUs

图9 PSU输入阻抗仿真验证

Fig.9 Simulation verification of PSUs input impedance

图10 PSU数量对PSU输入阻抗的影响

Fig.10 The effect of the number of PSUs on the PSUs input impedance

图11 七个PSU并联电流仿真波形

Fig.11 Simulation waveform of parallel current of 7 PSUs

图12 不同容量对PSU阻抗的影响

Fig.12 Effect of different capacity on PSUs impedance

图13 单PSU容量对PSU阻抗的影响

Fig.13 Effect of single PSUs capacity on PSUs impedance

图14 比例系数对PSU阻抗的影响

Fig.14 Effect of scaling factor on PSUs impedance

图15 比例系数为10时多PSU电流仿真波形

Fig.15 Simulation waveform of multi-PSUs current when the scale factor is 10

图16 积分系数对PSU阻抗的影响

Fig.16 Influence of integration factor on PSUs impedance

图17 积分系数为6 500时多PSU电流仿真波形

Fig.17 Current simulation waveform of multi-PSUs when the integration coefficient is 6 500

表2 各因素对PSU低频阻抗影响分析

Table 2 Analysis of the influence of various factors on the low-frequency impedance of PSU

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