基于协同控制理论的微电网频率控制

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2023.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高微电网频率响应的动态性能,提出一种基于协同控制理论的微电网频率稳定性控制策略。根据微电网频率特性与微源的调频特性,基于协同控制理论构建含有系统动态性能及控制指标的宏变量,由定义的控制流形推导出微电网频率调节的协同控制律,设计了一种微电网协同控制器。其中储能装置在系统受到扰动时迅速参与调频,通过释放或吸收功率,减小频率的恶化程度,同时柴油发电机根据储能功率变化量与系统频率对微电网的功率进行调节,保证了微源侧供电的可靠性。最后基于MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建仿真平台,对所设计的控制策略进行验证,对比分析了不同控制方式下微电网调频效果。仿真结果表明所提出的协同控制器可以在微电网功率发生扰动时,充分利用微源的调频特性,快速平抑微电网内功率不平衡产生的频率波动。

关键词: 微电网, 协同控制, 频率稳定, 柴油发电机, 储能装置

Abstract:

To improve the dynamic performance of the microgrid frequency response, a microgrid frequency control strategy based on the cooperative control theory is proposed. According to the microgrid frequency characteristics and the frequency-regulation characteristics of the micro-sources, macro variables containing system dynamic performance and control indexes are built on the basis of cooperative control theory, and the cooperative control law of the microgrid frequency regulation is derived, then a microgrid cooperative controller is designed. The energy storage device quickly participates in frequency regulation when the system is disturbed and reduces the deterioration of frequency by releasing or absorbing power. The diesel generator then regulates the power of the microgrid according to the change of energy storage power and system frequency to ensure the reliability of power supply on the micro-source side. Finally, a simulation platform based on MATLAB/Simulink software is built to verify the proposed control strategy and to compare and analyze the microgrid frequency regulation effect under different control methods. The simulation results show that the proposed cooperative controller can fully utilize the frequency-regulation characteristics of the micro-source to quickly smooth out the frequency fluctuations caused by power imbalance in the microgrid when the microgrid power is disturbed.

Key words: microgrid, cooperative control, frequency stability, diesel generator, energy storage

中图分类号:

TM73

黎静华, 朱振铎, 兰飞. 基于协同控制理论的微电网频率控制[J]. 电力建设, 2023, 44(3): 113-121.

LI Jinghua, ZHU Zhenduo, LAN Fei. Microgrid Frequency Control Based on Cooperative Control Theory[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2023, 44(3): 113-121.

图/表 11

图1 微电网系统拓扑

Fig.1 Topology of the microgrid

图2 传统PI控制框图

Fig.2 Traditional PI control block diagram

图3 协同控制框图

Fig.3 Block diagram of cooperative control

表1 各发电单元参数配置

Table 1 Parameter configuration of each generating unit

图4 光照强度突降模式下微电网的频率响应曲线

Fig.4 Frequency response of microgrid in sudden light intensity drop mode

图5 光照强度突降模式下柴油发电机转速

Fig.5 Speed of the diesel generator in sudden light intensity drop mode

图6 光照强度突降模式柴油发电机输出功率响应

Fig.6 Active power curve of the diesel generator in sudden light intensity drop mode

图7 负荷突增模式下微电网不同控制方式下频率响应曲线

Fig.7 Frequency response cure of microgrid by different control modes in load surcharge mode

图8 负荷突增模式下柴油发电机输出功率曲线

Fig.8 Active power curve of the diesel generator in load surcharge mode

图9 负荷突增模式下柴储协同功率曲线

Fig.9 Power curve of the diesel generator and energy storage cooperative control in load surcharge mode

图10 负荷突增模式下柴油发电机转速

Fig.10 Speed of the diesel generator in load surcharge mode

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