风电机组全风速段多目标发电优化控制

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2023.07.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

降低机械载荷、提高发电量以及平抑功率波动是风电系统的主要控制目标之一。研究发现,在持续性风速激励下,轴系扭振除特征频率振荡分量以外还存在与风速同频的宽频受迫扭振,而现有扭振抑制方法不仅无法应对受迫扭振,在不适当的参数下甚至会产生不利影响。文章聚焦于持续波动风速作用下风电机组的多目标发电优化控制,根据低频段削弱、同时特征频率增强的分频段轴系电气阻尼虚拟配置原则,基于小信号频域分析法揭示了扭振、最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)和功率波动3个优化目标受控制器参数的影响规律。综合考虑了MPPT和功率波动对宽频扭振镇定的约束及3个目标的综合优化,针对全风速段不同工作模式分别设计控制器结构和参数,最后通过控制综合形成一套完整的控制策略。控制器硬件在环仿真表明所提控制策略可有效实现持续性风速激励下的多目标发电优化控制。

关键词: 轴系, 最大功率点跟踪(MPPT), 功率波动, 受迫扭振, 电气阻尼

Abstract:

The main control objectives of wind energy conversion systems include reducing mechanical load, increasing power generation, and suppressing power fluctuations. It has been established that under continuous wind fluctuations, forced torsional vibrations exist on the drivetrain in a broad frequency band, which has nearly the same spectrum as wind fluctuations. Moreover, it has been found that existing active damping control schemes cannot cope with forced torsional vibration, which has adverse effects. This study focuses on the multi-objective generation optimization control of wind turbines under the action of continuously fluctuating wind speeds. Based on the virtual configuration principle of frequency division shafting electrical damping with reduced low-frequency bands and enhanced characteristic frequencies, the small signal frequency domain analysis method is used to reveal the influence of controller parameters on the three optimization objectives of torsional vibration, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and power fluctuation. Considering the constraints of MPPT and power fluctuation on the stabilization of broadband torsional vibrations and the comprehensive optimization of the three aforementioned objectives, the controller structure and parameters are designed for different operating modes in the full wind speed range, and a complete set of control strategies is formed through control synthesis. The hardware-in-the-loop simulation of the controller confirms that the proposed control strategy can effectively achieve multi-objective power-generation optimization control under continuous wind fluctuations.

Key words: drivetrain, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), power fluctuation, forced torsional vibration, electrical damping

中图分类号:

TM614

许喆, 谭旭辉, 陈雷, 贾锋, 周全. 风电机组全风速段多目标发电优化控制[J]. 电力建设, 2023, 44(7): 131-141.

XU Zhe, TAN Xuhui, CHEN Lei, JIA Feng, ZHOU Quan. Multi-objective Optimization Control for Wind Energy Conversion System in Full Wind Speed Range[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2023, 44(7): 131-141.

图/表 9

图1 轴系视角下的扭振问题描述

Fig.1 The problem description of torsional vibration under the view of drive train

图2 参数τ1对3个优化目标的影响(变速模式)

Fig.2 Influence of parameters τ1 on three optimization objectives (variable speed mode)

图3 参数对3个优化目标的影响(恒速模式)

Fig.3 Influence of parameters on three optimization objectives (constant speed mode)

图4 全风速区间的综合控制策略

Fig.4 Comprehensive control strategy for full wind speed range

图5 控制器硬件在环仿真平台

Fig.5 Hardware in the loop simulation platform of controller

表1 某1.5 MW双馈机组机械参数

Table 1 Mechanical parameters of a 1.5 MW DFIG WECS

图6 变速模式下的仿真验证

Fig.6 Simulation verification under variable speed mode

图7 恒速模式下的仿真验证

Fig.7 Simulation verification under constant speed mode

图8 全风速区间的长期仿真验证

Fig.8 Long-term simulation verification of full wind speed range

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