直驱风电场经柔直送出系统近工频正/负序振荡机理分析

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2024.02.002

电力建设 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 10-25.doi: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2024.02.002

• 新型电力系统稳定分析与控制·栏目主持夏世威副教授、徐衍会教授、杨德友教授、刘铖副教授· • 上一篇下一篇

直驱风电场经柔直送出系统近工频正/负序振荡机理分析

于婧¹, 林鸿飞², 王潇³, 吕敬²(), 吴林林³, 李蕴红³

1.国家电网有限公司国家电力调度控制中心,北京市 100052
2.电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室(上海交通大学),上海市 200240
3.国网冀北电力有限公司电力科学研究院,北京市 100045

收稿日期:2023-07-19 出版日期:2024-02-01 发布日期:2024-01-28
通讯作者: 吕敬(1985),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为新能源交直流并网稳定分析与控制,E-mail:lvjing@sjtu.edu.cn。
作者简介:于婧(1994),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向为新能源并网运行控制技术;
林鸿飞(2000),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为风电柔直并网稳定分析与控制;
王潇(1987),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为新能源并网运行控制技术;
吴林林(1986),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为新能源并网及调度控制;
李蕴红(1988),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为新能源并网运行控制技术。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52277195);华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司资助项目(KJZ2022056)

Mechanism Analysis of Near Fundamental-Frequency Positive/Negative-Sequence Oscillations in MMC-HVDC Connected Direct-Drive Wind Farm

YU Jing¹, LIN Hongfei², WANG Xiao³, Lü Jing²(), WU Linlin³, LI Yunhong³

1. National Power Dispatching and Control Center, State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing 100052, China
2. Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Shanghai 200240, China
3. State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Beijing 100045, China

Received:2023-07-19 Published:2024-02-01 Online:2024-01-28
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52277195);North China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd.(KJZ2022056)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近期,某实际新能源经柔直送出系统出现了40~60 Hz的近工频正序和负序振荡现象,导致新能源降出力运行。新能源经柔直送出系统的近工频振荡较其他频段振荡的机理更为复杂,影响因素更多。针对直驱风电场经柔直送出系统近工频振荡稳定性问题,建立了含正/负序控制的直驱风电机组和柔直送端模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的精细化阻抗模型,从阻抗特性角度揭示了直驱风电场经柔直送出系统产生近工频正/负序振荡的机理;定义了参数相位裕度灵敏度,量化分析了直驱风电场柔直送出系统近工频振荡稳定性的关键影响因素。最后,搭建直驱风电场经柔直送出系统的电磁暂态仿真模型,仿真复现了实际系统的近工频正序和负序振荡现象,并验证了近工频振荡机理分析的正确性。

关键词: 风电场, 柔性直流输电, 近工频振荡, 负序控制, 负序振荡, 灵敏度

Abstract:

Positive- and negative-sequence oscillation phenomena close to the fundamental frequency (40-60 Hz) occur in a practical modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage DC (MMC-HVDC) transmission system for new energy integration, which has led to a decrease in the power output of new energy sources. The mechanism of near-fundamental-frequency oscillations is more complex and has more influencing factors than oscillations in other frequency bands. This study focuses on the near-fundamental-frequency oscillation stability of an MMC-HVDC-connected direct-drive wind farm. Refined impedance models of the direct-drive wind turbine and sending-end MMC are established by considering positive and negative sequence controls. Based on the established impedance models, the mechanisms of the near-fundamental-frequency positive- and negative-sequence oscillations between the direct-drive wind farm and the sending-end MMC are revealed. In addition, the parameter phase-margin sensitivity is defined, and the key influencing factors of the near-fundamental-frequency oscillation stability of the interconnected system were analyzed quantitatively. Finally, an electromagnetic transient simulation model of the MMC-HVDC-connected direct-drive wind farm is developed. The near-fundamental-frequency positive- and negative-sequence oscillation phenomena in the actual project are reproduced, and the correctness of the near-fundamental-frequency oscillation mechanism analysis is validated.

Key words: wind farm, flexible DC transmission, near-fundamental-frequency oscillation, negative-sequence control, negative-sequence oscillation, sensitivity

中图分类号:

TM712

于婧, 林鸿飞, 王潇, 吕敬, 吴林林, 李蕴红. 直驱风电场经柔直送出系统近工频正/负序振荡机理分析[J]. 电力建设, 2024, 45(2): 10-25.

YU Jing, LIN Hongfei, WANG Xiao, Lü Jing, WU Linlin, LI Yunhong. Mechanism Analysis of Near Fundamental-Frequency Positive/Negative-Sequence Oscillations in MMC-HVDC Connected Direct-Drive Wind Farm[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2024, 45(2): 10-25.

图/表 26

图1 直驱风电场经柔直送出系统结构示意图

Fig.1 Structure diagram of an MMC-HVDC connected direct-drive wind farm system

图2 柔直送端MMC控制结构

Fig.2 Control diagram of sending-end MMC of MMC-HVDC

图3 直驱风机阻抗模型验证

Fig.3 Validation for the impedance model of direct-drive wind turbine

图4 柔直送端MMC阻抗模型验证

Fig.4 Validation for the impedance model of sending-end MMC of MMC-HVDC

图5 直驱风电-柔直互联系统近工频正序振荡机理分析

Fig.5 Near fundamental-frequency positive-sequence oscillation mechanism of the PMSG-based wind farm-MMC interconnected system

图6 直驱风电-柔直互联系统近工频负序振荡机理分析

Fig.6 Near fundamental-frequency negative-sequence oscillation mechanism of the PMSG-based wind farm-MMC interconnected system

表1 正序参数相位裕度灵敏度计算结果

Table 1 Calculation results of positive-sequence parameter phase margin sensitivity

图7 不同风电场出力下正序相位裕度灵敏度占比分析结果

Fig.7 Analysis results of positive-sequence phase margin sensitivity ratio under different output power of wind farm

表2 负序参数相位裕度灵敏度计算结果

Table 2 Calculation results of negative-sequence parameter phase margin sensitivity

图8 不同风电场出力下负序相位裕度灵敏度占比分析结果

Fig.8 Analysis results of negative-sequence phase margin sensitivity ratio under different output power of wind farm

图9 控制系统交互研究思路

Fig.9 Research ideas of control system interaction

图10 交互案例1分析结果

Fig.10 Analysis results of interactive case 1

图11 交互案例2分析结果

Fig.11 Analysis results of interactive case 2

图12 仿真案例1验证结果

Fig.12 Verification results of simulation case 1

图13 仿真案例2验证结果

Fig.13 Verification results of simulation case 2

图14 仿真案例3验证结果

Fig.14 Verification results of simulation case 3

图15 仿真案例4验证结果

Fig.15 Verification results of simulation case 4

图A1 直驱风电机组的典型拓扑与控制

Fig.A1 Typical topology and control of PMSG-based power generation system

图A2 正负序分离算法结构

Fig.A2 Structure of positive and negative sequence separation algorithm

图A3 锁相环结构

Fig.A3 Typical structure of PLL

图A4 MMC换流器拓扑

Fig.A4 Topology of MMC

图A5 MMC单相平均等效电路

Fig.A5 Equivalent circuit of MMC single-phase leg

表B1 直驱风电机组参数

Table B1 Parameters of the PMSG-based wind turbine system

表B2 柔直送端MMC参数

Table B2 Parameters of the sending-end MMC

图D1 直驱风电场负序电流内环的影响

Fig.D1 Influences of negative sequence current inner loop of PMSG-based wind farm

图D2 柔直送端MMC负序交流电压外环的影响

Fig.D2 Influences of negative sequence AC voltage outer loop of MMC

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直驱风电场经柔直送出系统近工频正/负序振荡机理分析

Mechanism Analysis of Near Fundamental-Frequency Positive/Negative-Sequence Oscillations in MMC-HVDC Connected Direct-Drive Wind Farm

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