基于合作博弈的城市楼宇集群分布式储能容量共享

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2024.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分布式可再生能源发电设备在城市中日益普及,配置储能是应对其出力不确定性的有效措施,但楼宇各自配置储能仍存在成本高、利用率低等问题。在自有储能共享模式下,采用合作博弈理论设计了一种城市楼宇以合作联盟形式进行储能容量共享的机制,并在考虑储能初始投入差异的前提下基于改进Raiffa解法设计了一种合作剩余分配方式。算例结果表明:通过提出的储能共享机制,城市楼宇集群的储能资源利用率提高了18.12%,运行成本降低了10.22%,实现了参与储能共享楼宇的“降本增效”;通过提出的合作剩余分配方式,楼宇集群中配置储能楼宇的“降本”幅度远高于未配置储能楼宇,体现了分配方式的公平性,且计算量较Shapley值法有明显减少。

关键词: 城市楼宇集群, 储能, 合作博弈, 合作剩余分配, 改进Raiffa解法

Abstract:

Distributed generation using renewable energy is prevalent in cities, and energy storage is an effective method for addressing the uncertainty of its output. However, problems such as high costs and low utilization rates may be encountered in buildings that use energy storage. In the self-owned energy-storage sharing mode, an alliance mechanism based on a cooperative game was designed for urban buildings. Furthermore, a cooperative surplus distribution method, which considers the difference in energy storage investment, was developed based on an improved Raiffa solution algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed alliance mechanism in an urban building cluster with different types of buildings, such as residential, office, and commercial buildings. Compared with the noncooperative mechanism, the cost was reduced by 10.22%, and the energy storage utilization rate increased by 18.12%. Moreover, the reduced amplitude of the cost of buildings with energy storage was much higher than that of buildings without energy storage. Therefore, the proposed cooperative surplus distribution method is reasonable, and the calculation volume is significantly reduced compared with that of the Shapley value method.

Key words: urban building cluster, energy storage, cooperative game, cooperative surplus distribution, improved Raiffa solution algorithm

中图分类号:

TM73

冀瑞强, 胡健, 张晓杰. 基于合作博弈的城市楼宇集群分布式储能容量共享[J]. 电力建设, 2024, 45(2): 115-126.

JI Ruiqiang, HU Jian, ZHANG Xiaojie. Energy Storage Capacity Sharing of Urban Building Cluster Based on Cooperative Game[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2024, 45(2): 115-126.

图/表 17

图1 城市楼宇集群分布式储能容量共享框架

Fig.1 Capacity sharing framework for distributed energy storage of urban building cluster

图2 ADMM算法求解步骤

Fig.2 ADMM algorithm solving steps

表1 楼宇储能、光伏配置情况

Table 1 Configuration of energy storage and photovoltaic

图3 基于ADMM算法的迭代收敛过程

Fig.3 Iterative convergence process based on ADMM algorithm

图4 场景1 楼宇集群储能使用情况

Fig.4 Energy storage usage of building cluster in scenario 1

图5 场景2 楼宇集群储能使用情况

Fig.5 Energy storage usage of building cluster in scenario 2

图6 居民楼宇1储能使用情况

Fig.6 Energy storage usage of residential building 1

图7 居民楼宇2储能使用情况

Fig.7 Energy storage usage of residential building 2

图8 居民楼宇3储能使用情况

Fig.8 Energy storage usage of residential building 3

图9 办公楼宇2储能使用情况

Fig.9 Energy storage usage of office building 2

表2 楼宇集群运行成本

Table 2 Operating cost of building cluster 元

表3 经合作剩余分配后楼宇运行成本

Table 3 Operating cost of building after surplus allocation through cooperation

图A1 合作剩余分配及楼宇运行成本计算流程

Fig.A1 Cooperative surplus allocation and building operating cost calculation

表A1 分时电价

Table A1 Time-of-use price

图A2 光伏出力及室外温度曲线

Fig.A2 PV and outdoor temperature curve

图A3 基础性负荷曲线

Fig.A3 Basic load curve

表A2 可控负荷主要参数

Table A2 Main parameters of controllable load

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