为了提高火电厂热电联产机组调节灵活性，同时增加系统调峰能力和可再生能源入网比例，本工作提出一种热电联产机组与压缩空气储能系统集成的新方案。该方案在强化供热阶段采用压缩空气储能系统储存电能并利用压缩热供热，提高系统供热比例；强化供电阶段利用热电联产机组抽汽加热膨胀机入口空气，提高系统发电比例。该方案相对于参比系统的?效率可提升4%～31.4%，热电比也得到了明显拓宽。研究比较了不同部件参数对系统热效率、?效率及热电解耦性能的影响，并在此基础上对几种采暖工况基本点进行?分析。结果显示：压缩空气储能系统的空气流量对新型集成系统的热效率、?效率影响较大，而膨胀机入口空气温度对新型集成系统的热电比影响较大；随着进入汽轮机主蒸汽流量的增大，系统总过程?效率、热效率分别增大5%、8%左右；?损失分析则显示锅炉部件?损失占比最大，为20%左右，其次是冷源损失，为10%左右。

A new scheme for integrating cogeneration units and compressed air energy storage systems is proposed to improve the regulation flexibility of cogeneration units in thermal power plants and increase the peak load regulation capacity of systems and the proportion of renewable energy into the grid. In the enhanced heating stage, a compressed air energy storage system is used to store electric energy, and the compressed heat is used for heating to improve the heating ratio of the system. In the enhanced power supply stage, the extraction steam of a cogeneration unit is used to heat the inlet air of the expander to increase the power generation ratio of the system. Compared with that of the reference system, the scheme's exergy efficiency can be increased by 4%—31.4%, and the heat to power ratio has been widened. The effects of different component parameters on the thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, and thermoelectric decoupling performance of the system are compared. On this basis, the basic points of several heating conditions are analyzed. The results show that the airflow rate of the compressed air energy storage system has a great influence on the thermal efficiency of the new integrated system, whereas the inlet air temperature of the expander has a greater impact on the thermoelectric ratio of the new integrated system. With the increase in the main steam flow into the steam turbine, the system's total process efficiency and thermal efficiency increase by 5% and 8%, respectively. The loss analysis shows the loss of boiler components. The largest proportion is about 20%, followed by cold source loss, which is about 10%.

为提高压缩空气储能系统的整体性能,以燃煤电站回热系统为基础,提出一种将压缩空气储能系统与燃煤电站耦合的方案。在储能过程中,采用燃煤电站回热系统的给水冷却压气机出口的压缩空气;在释能过程中,膨胀机入口的压缩空气被回热系统的给水加热,同时采用给水回收膨胀机排气的热量。以某630 MW燃煤电站为研究对象,对新型压缩空气储能系统进行了能量分析、[XC5A8KT.TIF]分析和经济性分析。结果表明:通过系统耦合,不仅可以提高压缩空气储能系统的性能,同时可以省去常规压缩空气储能系统的蓄热设备,耦合系统具有良好的可行性,其循环效率和[XC5A8KT.TIF]效率分别为63.28%和79.02%,动态投资回收期为7.06 a,净现值可达1 449.65万元。

To improve the overall performance of the compressed air energy storage (CAES) system, based on the heat regenerative system of a coal-fired power plant, a scheme of CAES system coupled with the coal-fired power plant was proposed. In the energy storage process, the feedwater from the heat regenerative system in the coal-fired power plant was used to cool the compressed air at the outlet of the compressor. In the energy release process, the compressed air at the inlet of the expander was heated by the feedwater from the heat regenerative system. At the same time, the feedwater was used to recover the heat from the exhaust of the expander. Taking a 630 MW coal-fired power plant as a research object, the energy analysis, exergy analysis and economic analysis of the proposed system were carried out. Results show that the system integration can not only improve the performance of CAES system, but also remove the heat storage equipment of the conventional CAES system, showing that the proposed system is extremely feasible. For the proposed system, the circulation efficiency and exergy efficiency are 63.28% and 79.02%, respectively; the dynamic payback period is 7.06 years, and the net present value can reach 14 496.5 thousand yuan.

随着新能源发电技术的高速发展,电网新能源消纳压力日益凸显。与此同时,随着多能转换技术发展,电网与其他类型能源网络的耦合程度不断提高,如何利用不同能源网络灵活性资源消纳受阻新能源,成为当前亟待研究的问题。为此,提出了计及综合需求响应参与消纳受阻新能源的多时间尺度优化调度策略。首先,充分考虑综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)特性建立了冷、热、电负荷的多类型需求响应模型。其次,在日前时间尺度,考虑新能源消纳过程中各方利益均衡,建立了基于主从博弈理论的价格型综合需求响应(integrated demand response, IDR)日前优化调度模型;在日内时间尺度,针对新能源日前预测偏差对系统优化影响,建立了考虑激励型IDR日内滚动优化调度模型。最后,通过算例仿真证明了所提策略可深入挖掘多类型负荷需求响应能力,有效提高新能源消纳量。

<p id="p00010">With the rapid development of new energy generation technology, the pressure of new energy consumption in the power grid is increasingly prominent. At the same time, with the development of multi-energy conversion technology, the degree of coupling between power grids and other types of energy networks is increasing. How to use the flexibility resources of different energy networks to dissipate the blocked new energy has become an urgent issue to be studied. This paper proposes a multi-timescale trading strategy that takes into account the multi-energy demand response to participate in the consumption of blocked new energy sources. First, a multi-type demand response model for cold, heat and electric loads is established with full consideration of the characteristics of integrated energy system (IES). Secondly, a price-based integrated demand response (IDR) day-ahead optimal scheduling model based on master-slave game theory is established in the day-ahead time scale, considering the equilibrium of interests of all parties in the process of new energy consumption. At the intra-day time scale, an incentive-based IDR intra-day rolling optimization scheduling model is developed to address the impact of the deviation from the new energy day-ahead forecast on system optimization. </p> <p>Finally, the effectiveness of the strategy proposed in this paper is verified by case simulation. This work is supported by National Key R&#x00026;D Program of China (No. 2018YFE0208400).</p>

综合能源系统是实现&#x0201c;双碳&#x0201d;目标的有效途径,为进一步挖掘其需求侧可调节潜力对碳减排的作用,提出了一种碳交易机制下考虑需求响应的综合能源系统优化运行模型。首先,根据负荷响应特性将需求响应分为价格型和替代型2类,分别建立了基于价格弹性矩阵的价格型需求响应模型,及考虑用能侧电能和热能相互转换的替代型需求响应模型;其次,采用基准线法为系统无偿分配碳排放配额,并考虑燃气轮机和燃气锅炉的实际碳排放量,构建一种面向综合能源系统的碳交易机制;最后,以购能成本、碳交易成本及运维成本之和最小为目标函数,建立综合能源系统低碳优化运行模型,并通过4类典型场景对所提模型的有效性进行了验证。通过对需求响应灵敏度、燃气轮机热分配比例和不同碳交易价格下系统的运行状态分析发现,合理分配价格型和替代型需求响应及燃气轮机产热比例有利于提高系统运行经济性,制定合理的碳交易价格可以实现系统经济性和低碳性协同。

The integrated energy system (IES) is an effective way to achieve the“carbon neutrality and emission peak”goal. In order to further explore the role of the adjustable potential of demand side on carbon emission reduction, an optimized operation model of IES considering the demand response under the carbon trading mechanism is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of load response, the demand response is divided into two types: price-type and substitution-type. The price-type demand response model is established on the basis of price elasticity matrix, and the substitution-type demand response model is constructed by considering the conversion of electricity and heat. Secondly, base-line method is used to allocate free carbon emission quota for the system, and considering the actual carbon emissions of gas turbine and gas boiler, a carbon trading mechanism for the IES is constructed. Finally, a low-carbon optimal operation model of IES is established, whose objective is to minimize the sum cost of energy purchase, cost of carbon transaction and cost of IES operation and maintenance. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through four typical scenarios. By analyzing the sensitivity of demand response, heat distribution ratio of gas turbine and the operating state of the system under different carbon trading prices, it is found that reasonable allocation of price-type and substitution-type demand response and heat production ratio of gas turbine is beneficial to improve the operating economy of the system. Making reasonable carbon trading price can realize the coordination of system economy and low carbon.

为了进一步降低综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)碳排放量,提升其能源利用率,提出了一种在阶梯式碳交易机制下考虑需求响应(demand response,DR)的IES优化调度策略。首先从需求响应角度出发,考虑到多种能源之间具备协同互补与灵活转换的能力,引入电-气-热的横向时移与纵向互补替代策略并构建DR模型;其次从全生命周期评估的角度出发,阐述碳排放权初始配额模型,并对其加以修正,然后引入阶梯式碳交易机制,对IES的碳排放进行约束;最后以能源购买成本、碳排放交易成本、设备维护成本、需求响应成本之和最小化为目标,并考虑安全约束构建低碳优化调度模型。利用Matlab软件将原问题转化为混合整数线性问题,并使用CPLEX求解器对模型进行优化求解。算例结果表明,在阶梯式碳交易机制下考虑碳交易成本和需求响应,可以使IES的运行总成本下降5.69%,碳排放量降低17.06%,显著提高了IES的可靠性、经济性和低碳性。

To further reduce the carbon emissions of integrated energy systems (IES) and improve their energy utilization, an IES optimization scheduling strategy considering demand response (DR) under a stepped carbon trading mechanism was proposed. First, from the perspective of demand response (DR), considering the synergistic complementarity and flexible conversion ability of multiple energy sources, lateral time-shifting and vertical complementary alternative strategies for electricity, gas, and heat were introduced, and a DR model was constructed. Second, from the perspective of life-cycle assessment, the initial quota model of carbon emissions allowances was elaborated and revised. Subsequently, we introduced a tiered carbon trading mechanism that imposes a certain degree of constraint on the carbon emissions of IES. Finally, the sum of the energy purchase, carbon emission transaction, equipment maintenance, and demand response costs was minimized, and a low-carbon optimal scheduling model was constructed considering the safety constraints. This model transforms the original problem into a mixed-integer linear problem using Matlab software and optimizes the model using the CPLEX solver. The example results show that considering the carbon trading cost and demand response under the tiered carbon trading mechanism, the total operating cost of the IES is reduced by 5.69%, and the carbon emissions are reduced by 17.06%, which significantly improves the reliability, economy, and low-carbon performance of the IES.