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考虑频率安全及风能转移的风电场规划与运行
Planning and Operation of Wind Farms Considering Frequency Safety and Wind Energy Transfer
大规模风电持续并网显著影响大电网运行的频率安全性和经济性，为此，提出一种考虑系统频率安全及场间风能转移的风电场协同规划与运行方法。首先，考虑风电场场间出力相关性，构建场间风能转移模型。其次，基于风机综合惯性控制与减载运行策略，建立了风机参与调频的系统频率响应模型，并据此制定了系统频率最大偏差约束条件。进而，设计了考虑系统频率安全及场间风能转移的风电场协同规划与运行方法。基于IEEE 30节点系统算例分析表明，所提风电场规划方法能够提高风电场风能利用率，保证系统频率安全稳定。
The continuous grid integration of large-scale wind power significantly affects the frequency security and economy of large-scale power grid operation. Therefore， this paper proposes a collaborative planning and operation method for wind farms that takes into account system frequency security and inter-field wind energy transfer. Firstly， the inter-field wind energy transfer model is constructed by considering the correlation between the outputs of wind farms. Second， based on the integrated inertia control and load shedding operation strategy of wind turbines， the system frequency response model of wind turbines participating in FM is established， and the constraints of the maximum deviation of system frequency are formulated accordingly. Further， a collaborative planning and operation method for wind farms considering system frequency safety and inter-field wind energy transfer is designed. The analysis based on the IEEE30 node system example shows that the proposed wind farm planning method can improve the wind energy utilization rate of wind farms and ensure the system frequency safety and stability.
风电场规划 / 频率安全 / 频率响应 / 风电出力相关性 / 场间风能转移
wind farm planning / frequency safety / frequency response / wind power output correlation / inter-field wind energy transfer
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风电机组采用虚拟惯量控制的能量主要来源于转子动能。受风速不确定性以及机组自身状态影响,风电惯量水平难以估计。针对此问题,提出了考虑风速时空分布和机组运行状态差异的有效惯量估计方法。首先,建立风电场风速分布概率模型,利用混合Copula函数在相关性拟合方面的优势,结合尾流效应快速分析相邻机组风速。其次,对不同运行状态以及不同控制参数下的风机虚拟惯量响应过程进行解析。最后,提出了考虑风速时空分布及机组运行状态差异的风电场有效惯量估计方法。根据某风场实际数据构建了风电场惯量响应仿真模型,验证了所提风速相关性模型具备较高的计算效率与准确度;评估得到的有效惯量响应能力能够较真实反映风机的实际响应过程。
The energy controlled by virtual inertia of wind turbine mainly comes from rotor kinetic energy. The inertia level of wind power is difficult to estimate due to the uncertainty of wind speed and the state of the unit itself. In order to solve this problem, an effective inertia estimation method considering the spatio-temporal distribution of wind speed and the operating state of the unit is proposed. First, a wind farm wind speed distribution probability model is established, and the advantages of mixed Copula function in correlation fitting are used to analyze wind speed of adjacent units in combination with wake effect. Secondly, the response process of the fan virtual inertia under different operating conditions and different control parameters is analyzed. Finally, an effective inertia estimation method for wind farm is proposed considering the spatio-temporal distribution of wind speed and the difference of unit operating state. Based on the actual data of a wind field of the State Grid, a simulation model of inertia response of the wind farm is constructed, which verifies that the wind speed correlation model proposed in this paper has high computational efficiency and accuracy. The evaluated effective inertia response ability can reflect the actual response process of the fan. |
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目的 考虑风电场中不同风况下风电机组参与一次调频能力的差异，在下垂控制和惯量控制策略的基础上，对机组的调频能力评估方法进行优化。 方法 提出了一种改进的多机组调频参考功率协同控制策略。 结果 引入多机组协同控制方法能够有效改善机组之间调频参考功率的分配，从而有效调节各机组参与系统一次调频的程度。在惯量控制和下垂控制的基础上引入改进的协同控制策略，依据机组在实际风况下运行的状态，评估机组能够有效参与一次调频的参考功率。引入调频能力系数能够实现调频功率参考值在各机组之间按能分配。 结论 协同控制策略能够有效保护风电机组转速，同时能够有效改善电网频率响应。
Objectives Considering the difference of primary frequency regulation ability of wind turbines under different wind conditions in wind farms, the evaluation method of frequency regulation capability of wind turbines was optimized on the basis of sag control and inertia control strategy. Methods An improved multi-unit frequency modulation reference power cooperative control strategy was proposed. Results The introduction of multi-unit cooperative control method can effectively improve the distribution of frequency modulation reference power among units, thus effectively adjust the degree of each unit participating in the primary frequency regulation of the system. An improved cooperative control strategy was introduced on the basis of inertia control and sag control. According to the operation state of the unit under the actual wind condition, the reference power of the unit which can effectively participate in the primary frequency modulation was evaluated. The introduction of frequency modulation capability coefficient can realize the energy distribution of the reference value of frequency modulation power among units. Conclusions The cooperative control strategy can effectively protect the speed of wind turbine and improve the frequency response of power grid. |
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As the proportion of renewable energy power generation continues to increase, the inertia of modern power system continues to decrease, and the frequency characteristics and power transmission appear unstable. This paper analyzes the influence of renewable energy access on the dynamic and steady-state characteristics of traditional power grid frequency and power, and clarifies that renewable energy needs to participate in system frequency regulation. Considering the coordination of the output of traditional synchronous generators and renewable energy, and the performance of the system frequency characteristics, three ways of renewable energy participating in the system frequency regulation are analyzed, and the influences on the frequency and power characteristics under load step are compared. A coordinated frequency regulation scheme for the output of traditional units and renewable energy is proposed. The hardware simulation experiment based on RTDS shows that the frequency regulation scheme proposed in this paper ensures the dynamic and steady-state characteristics of the frequency response of the system, and solves the problem of coordination between the synchronous generator and the renewable energy power. |
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风电的大规模并网给电力系统带来了惯量降低和一次调频能力不足等问题,可减载运行且具备调频功能的风电场可有效应对该问题。为此,提出了一种风电场减载方案以及相应的一次调频策略。首先,介绍了综合惯性控制和桨距角控制的原理,并分析了风电场减载运行的必要性。然后,研究了不同风速下风机减载能力的差异性并制定了风电场内减载功率分配方案,根据制定的减载方案,提出了相应的一次调频策略,以充分利用风电场的调频能力并避免频率的二次跌落。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink搭建了仿真系统模型,仿真结果表明所述减载方案和调频策略可以合理分配减载功率并提升风电场的调频效果。
The large-scale wind power integration brings some problems such as the reduction of inertia and the shortage of primary frequency-regulation capability to the power system. Wind farms with deloading operation and frequency-regulation function could effectively deal with these problems. Therefore, a deloading scheme and the corresponding primary frequency regulation strategy of wind farm are proposed. Firstly, the principle of integrated inertia control and pitch-angle control is introduced, and the necessity of deloading operation of wind farm is analyzed. Then the difference of deloading capability of wind turbines with different wind speeds is studied and the deloading power distribution scheme of wind farm is formulated. Furthermore, according to the deloading power distribution scheme, the corresponding primary frequency regulation strategy is proposed to make full use of the frequency regulation capability of wind farm and avoid the secondary frequency drop. The simulation system model is built based on Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation results show that the deloading scheme and frequency regulation strategy could reasonably distribute the deloading power and improve the frequency regulation effect of wind farm. |
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大规模风、光等新能源并网引起的惯量降低给新型电力系统安全运行带来了新的挑战,其中尤为突出的是暂态频率安全。文章在充分利用新能源频率支撑作用的基础上,提出了暂态频率约束的机组组合双层优化策略。构建了计及新能源场/站频率支撑的新型电力系统频率响应模型,推导了暂态频率特征量的解析化表达式,进而在传统机组组合模型的基础上,构建了考虑动态频率约束的机组组合优化模型;引入原子搜索算法,协同考虑频率支撑的新能源最优减载优化与机组组合优化,建立了双层优化策略。以含风电及光伏的10机系统为例进行计算分析,结果验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。
The inertia reduction caused by the integration of large-scale wind power, PV, and other renewable energy sources has brought new challenges to the safe operation of new type power systems, especially transient frequency safety. In this paper, on the basis of making full use of the frequency support of new energy sources, a two-layer optimization strategy for unit combinations with transient frequency constraints is proposed. A new frequency-response model of the power system considering the frequency support of the new energy station is constructed, and the analytical expression of the transient frequency characteristic quantity is deduced. Then, on the basis of the traditional unit combination model, a unit combination optimization model considering the dynamic frequency constraint is constructed. Introducing an atomic search algorithm, synergistically considering frequency support for optimal load shedding optimization of new energy sources, and unit combination optimization, a two-layer optimization strategy is established. Taking a 10-machine system including PV and wind power as an example, the calculation and analysis are carried out, and the results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the method in this paper. |
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