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新型电力系统市场运行下面向多元负荷需求的电力零售套餐组合优化模型
张硕, 庞麓鸣, 李英姿, 王雨欣, 贺运政
电力建设 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9) : 159-173.
PDF(3050 KB)
PDF(3050 KB)
新型电力系统市场运行下面向多元负荷需求的电力零售套餐组合优化模型
Retail Package Combination Optimization Model for Multi-load Demands under Marketing-based New-Type Power System
【目的】为推进全国统一电力市场建设，提升电力零售市场资源优化配置能力，文章开展面向多元负荷需求的电力零售套餐研究，构建了新型电力系统市场运行下面向多元负荷需求的电力零售套餐组合优化模型。【方法】首先，建立多元负荷参与的零售套餐交易架构，基于典型用户日负荷曲线设计多样化火电和绿电互补零售套餐；其次，构建零售套餐组合上下层模型，上层以零售商收益最大化为目标优化套餐价格，下层最小化用户购电成本得出套餐选择决策，并应用遗传算法进行求解；最后，选取典型用户进行案例分析，得出套餐定价结果、电量分配结果以及用户负荷调整情况。【结果】相较于单一种类套餐，零售商利润分别提升了60.84%、58.76%、62.90%、2.25%，用户整体支出降低了3.24%、4.33%、2.14%、2.34%；与仅考虑火电套餐相比，所提模型可使用户成本降低7.28%，零售商利润提升32.60%。此外，对用电需求、批发电价等因素进行敏感性分析，结果表明用电需求对零售商收益和用户成本影响更加显著。【结论】所提模型能够精确反映用户实际用电需求，有助于提升新能源消纳能力，充分降低用户成本并提升零售商收益，为解决能源零售套餐单一化问题，实现售电方和用户方互利共赢提供有益参考。
[Objective] To build a unified national electricity market and enhance the ability of the retail electricity market to optimize resource allocation， this study examines electricity retail packages for multi-load demands and constructs a retail package combination optimization model for multi-load demands under a marketing-based new-type power system. [Methods] First， a retail package-trading structure with multiple loads was established. Diversified thermal and green power retail packages were designed based on the daily load curves of typical users. Second， a bilevel model for retail package combinations was constructed. In the upper-level model， the package price is optimized to maximize the revenue of the electricity retailer； the lower-level model minimizes the customer's electricity purchasing cost and determines the package selection. A genetic algorithm was applied to solve the model. Finally， typical users were selected as case studies to analyze package pricing results， power allocation outcomes， and user load adjustments. [Results] Compared with a single type of package， retailer profits improved by 60.84%， 58.76%， 62.90%， and 2.25%， whereas total user costs decreased by 3.24%， 4.33%， 2.14%， and 2.34%， respectively. The proposed model results in a 7.28% reduction in user costs and a 32.60% improvement in retailer profits compared with considering only thermal power packages. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for electricity demand and wholesale tariffs. Electricity demand has a significant impact on both retailer profits and user costs. [Conclusions] The results show that the proposed model can accurately reflect the actual electricity demand of users and help enhance the capacity for new energy consumption， effectively reduce user costs， and increase retailer profits. It provides a useful reference for addressing the issue of retail package homogenization and achieving a mutually beneficial， win-win outcome for both electricity retailers and customers.
load characteristics / retail package pricing / green electricity trading / bi-level optimization model
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With the promotion of integrated energy system, the coupling of multiple energies in terms of supply, transmission and use increases, the forms of energy use are gradually diversified, and the connotation of retail market is constantly enriched under the reform of energy market. Under the traditional retail market of single energy, independent supply and pricing method cannot effectively guide users to use energy and improve the economic efficiency. Therefore, it is urgent to study the pricing strategy for retail market of integrated energy system. In this paper, optimal retail pricing method for the comprehensive energy park on the basis of value at risk (VaR) theory is proposed considering multi-energy load, randomness of spot price and demand response. A two-stage model of static retail pricing and day-ahead optimal scheduling is established to study the optimal static retail pricing strategy of integrated energy service providers. The first stage is a retail pricing optimization model that takes into account day-ahead energy load and spot price randomness. The second stage is the day-ahead optimal scheduling model under the optimal retail price in the first stage. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) linear programming algorithm is used to solve the two-stage model iteratively. The results show that VaR-based retail pricing can effectively reduce the risk of integrated energy service providers participating in the retail market. |
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With the development of electricity market reform, electricity retail markets are established and many electricity retail companies are gradually built up and involved in electricity retail business. How to build the optimal portfolio strategies for purchasing electricity by an electricity retail company in multiple markets is an issue with extensive concern. To this end, it is necessary to consider the uncertainties of load demand and electricity prices in the market environment so as to manage risk associated. Given this background, two vectors representing hourly load demands and electricity prices in the real-time electricity market are first employed for a specified day, and interval numbers are used to represent the fluctuation range of load and electricity price. On the other hand, the impacts of the time-of-use （TOU） retail electricity price for terminal users on the load shift and market share of the electricity retail company concerned are investigated. Then, an enhanced interval linear programming （EILP） model is presented with the objective of maximizing the overall profit of the electricity retail company in a given day, and solved by an analytic approach. Finally, actual load and electricity price data from the PJM （Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland） electricity market in USA are employed to demonstrate the presented method.
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Under the carbon trading mechanism, virtual power plants (VPP) aggregating distributed energy resource (DER) to participate in electricity market (EM) trading will help new energy consumption and improve environmental benefits. This paper constructed a multi-agent VPP model including wind turbine, photovoltaic power, controllable distribution generation, stored energy, and flexible load, and formulated bidding strategies for each entity participating in the electric energy market (EEM) and peak regulating market (PRM). The EEM and PRM examples showed that participating in peak regulating bidding by VPP could achieve the maximum benefits of VPP and reasonable distribution of the interests among DER members. Moreover, this paper introduced the carbon trading mechanism, analyzed the correlation between changes in carbon trading price and wind and solar consumption rate, carbon emissions and VPP benefits, and further explored the impact of carbon sink resource trading on electricity price, output and energy demand change rate. It provided a basis for the ecological protection compensation mechanism of carbon sink value, and also provided a reference for the price transmission effect of carbon market (CM) on EM under the coordination of electricity-carbon market and the optimization design of CM price mechanism. |
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