直流输电的基本特性及其应用模式概述

徐政

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2025.10.004

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电力建设 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10) : 34-43. DOI: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2025.10.004

规划建设

直流输电的基本特性及其应用模式概述

徐政

作者信息 +

Overview of Basic Characteristics and Application Modes of DC Power Transmission

XU Zheng

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】直流输电技术在新型电力系统建设中具有举足轻重的作用，为了拓展直流输电新的或未知的应用模式，需要对直流输电的底层物理特性作比以往更深入的归纳和总结。【方法】根据基本的物理原理，将直流输电系统的固有物理特性归纳为5个方面，分别为频率隔断效应、故障电流隔断效应、输电距离不受限制特性、输送功率大幅提升特性和无分布电容电流特性。在此基础上，将既有的直流输电应用模式建立在直流输电系统的固有物理特性之上。【结果】建立了直流输电的固有物理特性与现有各种应用模式之间的对应关系，为新型电力系统背景下拓展直流输电技术应用模式提供一种思考的途径。【结论】直流输电技术的固有物理特性与交流输电技术的固有物理特性具有相互补充的关系，在交流电网中合理应用直流输电技术可以大大提升电力系统的运行性能，未来新型电力系统将是一个在各电压层级交直流有机融合的电力系统。

Abstract

[Objective] DC power transmission technology is crucial in constructing new energy power systems. Exploration of novel applications of DC power transmission necessitate a deeper understanding and more comprehensive analyses of its underlying physical characteristics. [Methods] Based on fundamental physical principles， the inherent characteristics of DC power transmission systems can be summarized into the following five aspects： frequency isolation effect， fault current isolation effect， unlimited transmission distance， significantly enhanced power transmission capability， and absence of distributed capacitive current. Building on these inherent physical characteristics， the application modes of existing DC power transmission are established. [Results] A correlation between the inherent physical characteristics of DC transmission and various existing application modes is established. This provides a pathway for expanding DC technology applications in the context of novel energy power systems. [Conclusions] The inherent physical characteristics of the DC and AC transmission technologies exhibit complementary relationships. The strategic application of DC transmission technology within AC power grids can significantly enhance the operational performance of power systems. Future power systems will entail an organic integration of AC and DC across all voltage levels.

导出引用

徐政. 直流输电的基本特性及其应用模式概述[J]. 电力建设. 2025, 46(10): 34-43 https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2025.10.004

XU Zheng. Overview of Basic Characteristics and Application Modes of DC Power Transmission[J]. Electric Power Construction. 2025, 46(10): 34-43 https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2025.10.004

中图分类号： TM72

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摘要

各电压等级直流输电系统的经济输电适用范围，包括输送距离和输送容量，对于实际直流输电工程中电压等级的选择具有指导作用。从投资成本、维护成本、损耗费用和输电走廊土地贬值费用这4个方面建立了直流输电系统的经济性模型，并运用现金流折现模型计算直流输电工程的综合费用。以输电距离1 000 km、输电功率5 000 MW具体输电场景为例，计算了各电压等级直流工程的综合费用，并拓展到任意输电场景，得到了各电压等级直流输电系统经济输电适用范围。最后对影响经济输电适用范围的部分参数进行了灵敏度分析。研究表明：随着输电功率和输电距离的增加，总体上高电压等级的直流输电方式更为经济；电能成本和年等效损耗时间对直流系统经济输电适用范围影响较大。

Zheng

, CHENG

Binjie

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https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2015.09.004

本文引用 [1] 摘要

The economic transmission distance and capacity of DC transmission systems with different voltage levels serve as a guide in the selection of voltage level in actual DC transmission projects. The economic model of DC transmission system was built from four aspects of investment cost, maintenance cost, loss cost and transmission corridor depreciation cost. And the discounted cash flow model was adopted to calculate the comprehensive cost of DC transmission system. Taking a concrete transmission scenario with 1000 km transmission distance and 5 000 transmission power as an example, the comprehensive cost of DC project with different voltage levels was calculated, whose results were extended to other transmission scenarios to obtain the economic transmission applicable scope of DC transmission system with different voltage levels. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was carried out on parts of parameters that affected the economic transmission applicable scope. The results indicate that the DC transmission mode with high voltage is generally more economical along with the increase of transmission power and transmission capacity, and the electricity cost and equivalent annual loss time have significant influences on the economic transmission applicable scope of DC system.

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