PDF(2747 KB)
考虑源-荷双向灵活的含CCP-LCDR的区域综合能源系统低碳调度优化
邓俊峰, 李振华, 李振兴, 徐艳春, 王秋杰
电力建设 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12) : 107-118.
PDF(2747 KB)
PDF(2747 KB)
考虑源-荷双向灵活的含CCP-LCDR的区域综合能源系统低碳调度优化
Low-Carbon Scheduling Optimization of Regional Integrated Energy Systems with CCP-LCDR Considering Bidirectional Flexibility of Source and Load
【目的】 为降低电力系统碳排放量，提高清洁能源消纳率，以总成本最小化为目标，提出一种基于热电联产（combined heat and power，CHP）-碳捕集（carbon capture and storage，CCS）-电转气（power-to-gas，P2G） （CCP）耦合机制和低碳需求响应（low-carbon demand response，LCDR）的多能耦合区域综合能源系统（regional integrated energy systems，RIES）协同优化方法，构建源-荷双向灵活低碳调度模型。 【方法】 首先，在供给侧引入碳交易-绿色证书机制，建立基于基准线法的碳排放分配模型，激励系统消纳可再生能源；其次，以CHP-CCS-P2G多能耦合机组为基础，通过碳循环利用与能量梯级转化，实现系统能效提升；然后，荷侧引入计及负荷特性差异的低碳需求响应机制，建立基于价格弹性矩阵的电、热负荷双向互动机制，以降低负荷峰谷差值；最后，以中国南方某城市某行政区的电力相关数据进行相关仿真实验。 【结果】 结果表明，在所提方法下，系统的碳排放和运行成本均有下降，风光消纳能力有所提高，其中场景6较基础场景的运行成本减少了5.26%。 【结论】 所提方法可使得碳元素形成闭环转化，有效降低传统发电机组的出力，增加新能源的上网功率，同时可通过激励信号实现“削峰填谷”，降低系统的碳排放，使系统处于低碳经济运行状态。
[Objective] To reduce carbon emissions in the power system and improve the adoption rate of clean energy with the goal of minimizing total cost，a multi-energy coupling regional integrated energy systems （RIES） collaborative optimization method based on combined heat and power （CHP） with a carbon capture and storage （CCS） power-to-gas （P2G） （CCP） coupling mechanism and low-carbon demand response （LCDR） is proposed. We also introduce a source-load bidirectionally flexible low-carbon scheduling model. [Methods] First，a carbon trading and green certificate mechanism is introduced on the supply side，and a carbon emission allocation model based on the baseline method is established to incentivize the system to consume renewable energy. Secondly，based on the CHP-CCS-P2G multi-energy coupling unit，the energy efficiency of the system can be improved through carbon recycling and energy cascade conversion. Then，the load side introduces a low-carbon demand response mechanism that takes into account differences in load characteristics to establish a bidirectional interaction mechanism between electricity and heat loads based on price elasticity matrices to reduce peak-to-valley load differences. Simulation experiments were conducted using data on electricity consumption from an administrative district in a city in southern China. [Results] The results showed that the carbon emissions and operating costs of the system were reduced using the proposed method，and the wind and solar power consumption capacity of the system was improved. In particular，operating costs were reduced by up to 5.26 % compared with the basic scenario. [Conclusions] The proposed method can form a closed-loop conversion of carbon elements to reduce the output of traditional power generation units，increase the grid power of new energy，and achieve "peak shaving and valley filling" through excitation signals. Thus，the proposed approach is designed to reduce carbon emissions and support the transition to a low-carbon economy.
源-荷双向灵活 / 低碳需求响应（LCDR） / 区域综合能源系统（RIES） / 低碳经济调度
bi-directional flexibility between supply and demand / low-carbon demand response （LCDR） / regional integrated energy system （RIES） / low-carbon economic dispatch
| [1] |
IPCC. Special report on global warming of 1.5 ℃[M]. UK: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
|
| [2] |
曾珠梅, 孙建梅. 计及电-气-热需求响应的区域综合能源系统运行优化[J]. 电力工程技术, 2024, 43(5): 48-57.
|
| [3] |
盛万兴, 段青, 王良, 等. 基于多代理协调机制的能量路由器群组与配电网综合规划[J]. 高电压技术, 2021, 47(1): 1-13.
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
程杉, 陈诺, 徐建宇, 等. 考虑综合需求响应的楼宇综合能源系统能量管理优化[J]. 电力工程技术, 2023, 42(2): 40-47, 57.
|
| [6] |
国际能源署. 全球能源与碳排放报告[R]. 巴黎: 国际能源署, 2020.
International Energy Agency (IEA). Global energy and carbon emissions report[R]. Paris: International Energy Agency, 2020.
|
| [7] |
中国电力企业联合会. 中国电力行业年度发展报告[R]. 北京: 中国电力企业联合会, 2022.
China Electricity Council. Annual development report of China’s electric power industry[R]. Beijing: China Electricity Council, 2022.
|
| [8] |
Environmental issues in energy policy, especially global warming, have received more attention lately than ever before. Excessive dependence on fossil fuels, deforestation, and land degradation are the three main factors that lead to increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Consequently, the global average temperature has doubled compared to anticipation. Various international protocols and agendas have been established, pledged to restore the global average temperature to the 1990 level. As a result, energy policies worldwide have also undergone various transformations to align with these protocols since then. As a developing nation, Malaysian’s electricity demand has continuously grown in the past two decades. To date, the electricity sector is still dominated by fossil fuels. Government incentives have been the most influential factor in the nation’s energy mix trend. Several energy policies implemented throughout the past 22 years have seen the shift from natural gas to coal power in power plants, and in more recent years, renewable energy resources. Numerous studies in the past have independently outlined the status of various energy source in Malaysia. However, they all fell short in providing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Malaysian energy sector. Notably, the question that remains to be answered is how GHG emissions have changed in response to the amendment in the energy mix; hence, the effectiveness of policy change in this aspect remains unknown. This paper analysed the past and present trend of Malaysia electricity generation mix and the resultant GHG emissions. In particular, this paper focused on investigating the variation of combined specific GHG emissions in the Malaysian electricity sector, in response to the policy change within the past 22 years. This provides the insight for Malaysian policymakers to evaluate the effectiveness of past policies in GHG emissions and the measures to be taken in future. The finding of this paper shows the attention on the nation’s GHG emissions has evolved over the years, following the diversification in energy mix driven by the policy change. It was also found that, on average, it took a decade for a significant reduction in specific GHG emission to be visible since the government’s energy policy implementation.
|
| [9] |
周建华, 梁昌誉, 史林军, 等. 计及阶梯式碳交易机制的综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(2): 77-87.
|
| [10] |
颜宁, 马广超, 李相俊, 等. 考虑跨季节性储能的园区综合能源系统低碳经济调度方法[J]. 高电压技术, 2023, 49(10): 4182-4191.
|
| [11] |
邢家维, 程艳, 于芃, 等. 基于合作博弈的多园区互联综合能源系统低碳经济调度[J]. 山东电力技术, 2024, 51(5): 19-29.
|
| [12] |
李红伟, 吴佳航, 王佳怡, 等. 计及P2G及碳捕集的风光氢储综合能源系统低碳经济调度[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2024, 52(16): 26-36.
|
| [13] |
安源, 嘉程昊, 宁旭阳, 等. 考虑风光相关性与灵活碳捕集的互补系统低碳经济调度[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(11): 40-49.
|
| [14] |
吕游, 毛乃新, 秦瑞钧, 等. 考虑风光及负荷不确定性的虚拟电厂低碳经济调度[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(11): 116-123.
|
| [15] |
魏震波, 马新如, 郭毅, 等. 碳交易机制下考虑需求响应的综合能源系统优化运行[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(1): 1-9.
综合能源系统是实现“双碳”目标的有效途径,为进一步挖掘其需求侧可调节潜力对碳减排的作用,提出了一种碳交易机制下考虑需求响应的综合能源系统优化运行模型。首先,根据负荷响应特性将需求响应分为价格型和替代型2类,分别建立了基于价格弹性矩阵的价格型需求响应模型,及考虑用能侧电能和热能相互转换的替代型需求响应模型;其次,采用基准线法为系统无偿分配碳排放配额,并考虑燃气轮机和燃气锅炉的实际碳排放量,构建一种面向综合能源系统的碳交易机制;最后,以购能成本、碳交易成本及运维成本之和最小为目标函数,建立综合能源系统低碳优化运行模型,并通过4类典型场景对所提模型的有效性进行了验证。通过对需求响应灵敏度、燃气轮机热分配比例和不同碳交易价格下系统的运行状态分析发现,合理分配价格型和替代型需求响应及燃气轮机产热比例有利于提高系统运行经济性,制定合理的碳交易价格可以实现系统经济性和低碳性协同。
The integrated energy system (IES) is an effective way to achieve the“carbon neutrality and emission peak”goal. In order to further explore the role of the adjustable potential of demand side on carbon emission reduction, an optimized operation model of IES considering the demand response under the carbon trading mechanism is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of load response, the demand response is divided into two types: price-type and substitution-type. The price-type demand response model is established on the basis of price elasticity matrix, and the substitution-type demand response model is constructed by considering the conversion of electricity and heat. Secondly, base-line method is used to allocate free carbon emission quota for the system, and considering the actual carbon emissions of gas turbine and gas boiler, a carbon trading mechanism for the IES is constructed. Finally, a low-carbon optimal operation model of IES is established, whose objective is to minimize the sum cost of energy purchase, cost of carbon transaction and cost of IES operation and maintenance. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through four typical scenarios. By analyzing the sensitivity of demand response, heat distribution ratio of gas turbine and the operating state of the system under different carbon trading prices, it is found that reasonable allocation of price-type and substitution-type demand response and heat production ratio of gas turbine is beneficial to improve the operating economy of the system. Making reasonable carbon trading price can realize the coordination of system economy and low carbon. |
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
姜河, 周航, 赵琰, 等. 计及新能源消纳与碳捕集电厂的多能源系统优化调度研究[J]. 可再生能源, 2024, 42(11): 1536-1545.
|
| [18] |
骆钊, 杨林燕, 王华, 等. 含碳捕集电厂-电转气-液化天然气协同的综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 太阳能学报, 2025, 46(1): 438-448.
|
| [19] |
刘晓军, 聂凡杰, 杨冬锋, 等. 碳捕集电厂-电转气联合运行模式下考虑绿证-碳交易机制的综合能源系统低碳经济调度[J]. 电网技术, 2023, 47(6): 2207-2222.
|
| [20] |
潘路欣, 王东林, 葛津铭, 等. 计及需求响应与碳-绿证交易的P2G系统园区综合能源优化[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2025, 41(3): 92-102.
|
| [21] |
杨晓辉, 邓叶恒, 王晓鹏, 等. 基于碳交易-绿色证书联合交易机制的含CHP-CCS-P2G耦合的区域综合能源系统低碳经济调度[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(6): 244-254.
|
| [22] |
喻鑫, 胡志坚, 陈锦鹏, 等. 阶梯碳下考虑P2G-CCS与供需灵活响应的IES优化调度[J]. 武汉大学学报(工学版), 2024, 57(10): 1360-1371.
|
| [23] |
Considering the characteristics of the power system, where “the source moves with the load”, the load side is primarily responsible for the carbon emissions of the regional power grid. Consequently, users’ electricity consumption behavior has a significant impact on system carbon emissions. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-objective bi-level optimization strategy for source-load coordination, considering dual demand responses for both electricity and carbon. The upper layer establishes a multi-objective low-carbon economic dispatch model for power grid operators, aiming to minimize the system’s total operating cost, the total direct carbon emissions of the power grid, and the disparity in regional carbon emissions. In the lower layer, a low-carbon economic dispatch model for load aggregators is established to minimize the total cost for load aggregators. To obtain the dynamic carbon emission factor signal, a complex power flow tracking method that considers the power supply path is proposed, and a carbon flow tracking model is established. NSGA-II is used to obtain the Pareto optimal frontier set for the upper model, and the ‘optimal’ scheme is determined based on the fuzzy satisfaction decision. The example analysis demonstrates that the interactive carbon reduction effect under the guidance of dual signals is the most effective. This approach fully exploits the carbon reduction potential of the flexible load, enhancing both the economic efficiency and low-carbon operation of the system.
|
| [24] |
刘子华, 曹瑞峰, 赵志扬, 等. 基于碳排放流的综合能源系统碳排放监测方法[J]. 浙江电力, 2023, 42(10): 65-72.
|
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
江训谱, 吕施霖, 王健, 等. 考虑阶梯碳交易和最优建设时序的园区综合能源系统规划[J]. 电测与仪表, 2023, 60(12): 11-19.
|
| [27] |
秦婷, 刘怀东, 王锦桥, 等. 基于碳交易的电—热—气综合能源系统低碳经济调度[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2018, 42(14): 8-13, 22.
|
| [28] |
张翰林, 汪睿哲, 刘友波, 等. 考虑源荷碳势耦合的电力系统双层低碳经济调度[J]. 电力建设, 2023, 44(12): 28-42.
针对目前低碳调度中负荷侧低碳手段单一且源荷两侧减碳方法相对独立缺乏联动的问题，在利用碳排放流引导多类型负荷需求响应模型的基础上，提出考虑利用碳势耦合源荷多降碳手段的电力系统双层低碳经济调度模型。上层模型基于阶梯碳交易市场，计算源侧的碳市场交易成本，并按照负荷分类进行针对性区域碳排约束，建立考虑源-荷碳势约束的电力系统低碳经济调度模型，求解机组初始调度方案；下层模型利用碳排放流理论，基于上层模型的调度方案计算负荷侧各节点碳势指标和碳排责任分摊量，建立负荷侧多类型需求响应模型，利用用户侧调节能力优化负荷分布进一步实现系统低碳效益。最后在考虑风电不确定性建模的前提下，基于改进的IEEE 30节点系统进行算例分析，结果表明所提调度方法能够有效促进风电消纳，降低碳排放量。
Aiming at the current low-carbon scheduling on the load side of a single low-carbon means, and the source and load sides of the carbon reduction method being relatively independent of the lack of linkage, this study establishes a two-layer low-carbon optimization scheduling model of a power system considering the source-load carbon potential coupling in the market a few days ago. The upper model is based on the ladder carbon trading market, calculates the carbon market transaction cost of the source side, and establishes a low-carbon economic dispatch model of the power system considering the source-load carbon potential constraints in accordance with the load classification, and solves the initial scheduling scheme of the units; the lower model adopts the theory of carbon emission flow, and calculates the carbon potential indexes of each node of the load side and the carbon emission responsibility sharing amount, and establishes a two-layer low-carbon optimization dispatch model of the power system considering the source-load carbon potential constraints. The lower model employs the carbon emission flow theory to calculate the carbon potential index of each node on the load side and the carbon emission responsibility sharing amount based on the scheduling scheme of the upper model, establishes a multi-type demand response model on the load side, and utilizes the user-side regulation ability to optimize the load distribution to further realize low-carbon system benefits. Finally, under the premise of wind power uncertainty modeling, an example analysis is conducted based on the improved IEEE 30-node system, and the results indicate that the scheduling method can effectively promote wind power consumption and reduce carbon emissions.
|
| [29] |
徐睿婕, 任永峰, 祝荣, 等. 基于绿证-碳交易交互机制与合作博弈理论的IES系统低碳经济调度[J]. 太阳能学报, 2024, 45(9): 91-100.
|
| [30] |
张涛, 王金, 梅欣, 等. 考虑碳-绿证的多主体多园区合作博弈优化调度[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2024, 44(9): 129-135, 153.
|
AI小编
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
AI 导读
