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面向零碳建筑的碳流建模和分析：以零碳供电所为例
Modeling and Analysis of Carbon Flow for Zero-Carbon Buildings：a Case Study of Power Supply Stations
【目的】针对现有建筑级能源系统碳排放指标统计、优化分析缺乏碳流精准监测和核算的问题，提出了面向零碳供电所的建筑级别碳流建模和分析方法。【方法】首先，确定供电所负荷与上级电网的连接原则及供电所直流负荷的接入方法，构建了零碳供电所典型应用场景；其次，基于台区+直流微网向供电所供电的基本网络结构，综合考虑母线间功率流动、新能源发电及储能设备充放电状态等因素，提出了建筑级别母线碳势计算方法；然后，建立了零碳供电所系统损耗和负荷碳流率的分摊计算模型，基于量测点功率及对应母线碳势，根据分摊原则将碳流率分摊至系统损耗和负荷，上述模型考虑了新能源发电不足与过剩2种场景，以及储能充电与放电状态对碳势计算的影响；最后，通过具体案例展示了供电所母线碳势、负荷碳流率计算及分摊的详细过程。【结果】算例结果表明，当新能源发电不足时，交流母线碳势保持最高0.451 kg/kWh；新能源发电过剩时，交流母线碳势最低降至 0.042 kg/kWh。此外，储能放电时视为电源，对直流母线碳势有显著影响。【结论】为零碳供电所碳流分析提供了理论与方法支持，有助于推动未来供电服务中心低碳运行与能源优化管理。
[Objective] To address the challenges of accurate monitoring and accounting of carbon flows in current building-level energy system carbon emission indices and optimization analysis，this paper proposes a modeling and analysis method for carbon flows in zero-carbon power supply stations. [Methods] First，the connection principles between the load of the power supply station’s load and the upstream power grid，as well as the access method for the DC load of power supply stations，are defined，establishing typical application scenarios for zero-carbon power supply stations. Next，based on the basic network structure of power supply to the station via the transformer area + DC microgrid，a method for calculating the carbon potential at the building-level busbar is proposed. This method comprehensively accounts for factors such as power flow between busbars，renewable energy generation，and the charging and discharging states of energy storage equipment. A model is then developed for allocating and calculating system losses and load carbon flow rates in zero-carbon power supply stations. Based on the measured power at various points and the corresponding busbar carbon potential，carbon flow rates are allocated to system losses and loads according to established principles. The models consider both scenarios of insufficient and surplus renewable energy generation，as well as the impact of energy storage charging and discharging states on carbon potential calculations. Finally，a specific case is presented to demonstrate the detailed process of calculating and allocating the busbar carbon potential and load carbon flow rates in the power supply station. [Conclusions] The calculation results show that when there is insufficient new energy generation，the carbon potential of the AC busbar remains at a maximum of 0.451 kg/kWh； When there is an excess of new energy generation，the carbon potential of the AC busbar drops to a minimum of 0.042 kg/kWh. In addition，energy storage discharge is considered as a power source and has a significant impact on the carbon potential of the DC busbar. [Conclusions] This paper provides theoretical and methodological support for carbon flow analysis in zero-carbon power supply stations，contributing to the advancement of low-carbon operation and energy optimization management in future power supply service centers.
zero-carbon power supply station / busbar carbon potential / carbon flow rate / loss allocation
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