风电接入真双极柔直系统的送端换流器协调控制策略

李博通; 吝梦媛; 郑光辉; 董岳金; 刘轶超

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2026.02.002

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电力建设 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2) : 14-27. DOI: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2026.02.002

电力电子装备在新型电力系统中的应用·栏目主持徐政、余占清、赵成勇、查晓明、向往、马为民、吴方劼·

风电接入真双极柔直系统的送端换流器协调控制策略

李博通 ¹^,²^,³ ,
吝梦媛 ¹^,²^,³ ,
郑光辉 ¹^,²^,³ ,
董岳金 ¹^,²^,³ ,
刘轶超 ⁴

作者信息 +

Coordinated Control Strategy for Sending-End Converters in Wind-Integrated Real Bipolar MMC-HVDC Systems

LI Botong ¹^,²^,³ ,
LIN Mengyuan ¹^,²^,³ ,
ZHENG Guanghui ¹^,²^,³ ,
DONG Yuejin ¹^,²^,³ ,
LIU Yichao ⁴

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】采用真双极接线方式的基于模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流输电（modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current，MMC-HVDC）技术是大规模孤岛风电场高效并网与跨区消纳的主流技术方案之一，在我国张北、江苏如东等直流输电工程广泛采用。然而，送端正负极换流器的控制策略面临平衡双极传输功率和为风电场提供稳定电压支撑的双重挑战。为此，提出了基于有功功率-频率上升/无功功率-电压下垂控制的双极换流器构网协调控制策略。【方法】分析了送端双极换流器接收的有功功率-相位-频率的耦合机理，建立了有功功率-频率上升控制策略，阐明了风电波动下双极换流器功率平衡、频率协调及容量受限工况下的自适应调节机理；揭示了送端双极换流器和风电场电压与无功的耦合关系，建立了受容量和有功功率约束的无功功率-电压下垂控制策略，研究了无功波动时交流母线电压的协调稳定机理。【结果】仿真验证表明，在系统功率波动及单极容量受限等多种情况下，所提策略能有效维持双极换流器间的功率动态均衡，并为交流系统提供稳定的电压频率支撑。【结论】所提构网协调控制策略能够有效应对孤岛风电场柔直送出系统送端双极换流器在复杂工况下的功率平衡与电压频率支撑的核心挑战，提升系统的运行稳定性。

Abstract

[Objective] Modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current （MMC-HVDC） technology with a real bipolar connection is one of the mainstream technical solutions for efficient grid connection and cross-regional consumption of large-scale islanded wind farms. It has been widely adopted in HVDC projects such as Zhangbei and Rudong in Jiangsu. However，the control strategy for the sending-end positive and negative pole converters faces the dual challenge of balancing bipolar transmission power and providing stable voltage support for the wind farm. To address this，a grid-forming coordinated control strategy for bipolar converters is proposed，which combines an active power-frequency boost scheme with a reactive power-voltage droop scheme. [Methods] The coupling mechanism among active power，phase，and frequency at the sending-end bipolar converters is analyzed. An active power-frequency boost control strategy is established，clarifying the power balance and frequency coordination of bipolar converter under wind power fluctuation and the adaptive regulation mechanism under capacity-limited conditions. The coupling relationship between the voltage and reactive power of the sending end converters and wind farm is revealed. A reactive power-voltage droop control strategy with capacity and active power constraints is established. The coordinated stability mechanism of AC bus voltage under reactive power fluctuation is investigated. [Results] Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can effectively maintain dynamic power balance between the bipolar converters and provide stable voltage and frequency support for the AC system under various conditions，including system power fluctuations and single-pole capacity limitations. [Conclusions] The grid-forming coordinated control strategy proposed can effectively address the core challenges of power balance and voltage and frequency support for the sending-end bipolar converters in islanded wind farm MMC-HVDC systems under complex operating conditions，thereby improving the operation stability of the system.

导出引用

李博通, 吝梦媛, 郑光辉, 等. 风电接入真双极柔直系统的送端换流器协调控制策略[J]. 电力建设. 2026, 47(2): 14-27 https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2026.02.002

LI Botong, LIN Mengyuan, ZHENG Guanghui, et al. Coordinated Control Strategy for Sending-End Converters in Wind-Integrated Real Bipolar MMC-HVDC Systems[J]. Electric Power Construction. 2026, 47(2): 14-27 https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2026.02.002

中图分类号： TM46

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摘要

由于柔性直流输电系统通常采用架空线进行直流输电,其故障发生率较高。当系统发生单极短路接地故障后,通过真双极接线方式可将故障极不平衡功率转带给非故障极。根据换流站的功率裕度将不平衡功率分为自消纳和协同消纳情况,针对自消纳情况,通过送端双极换流站间的功率转带即可实现故障穿越;针对协同消纳情况,设计换流站及耗能电阻间的协调控制策略,考虑到耗能电阻投入时长有限,采用后续风机切机的方式减少直流系统内不平衡功率。最后,通过PSCAD验证了所提控制策略的有效性。仿真结果表明,该策略能有效避免故障范围的扩大,确保系统的安全运行。

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本文引用 [2] 摘要

Because DC system usually adopts overhead line for DC transmission, its failure rate is high. When a single-pole short-circuit grounding fault occurs in the system, the unbalanced power of the fault pole can be transferred to the non-fault pole through the real-bipolar wiring mode. The unbalanced power can be divided into self-absorption and collaborative absorption according to the power margin of the converter station. For the self-absorption situation, fault ride-through can be realized by power transfer between sending end bipolar converter stations. For the situation of collaborative absorption, the coordinated control strategies between converter station and energy dissipation resistance are designed. Considering the limited input time of energy dissipation resistance, unbalanced power in DC System is reduced by sub-sequent generator cutting. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified in PSCAD. The simulation results show that the strategy can effectively avoid the expansion of fault range and ensure the safe operation of the system.

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本文引用 [2] 摘要

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) station connected to the islanded renewable energy generation system needs to adopt the voltage frequency (VF) control to provide AC voltage. The single-pole converter fault will unbalance the input and output power of the DC power grid, which causes the DC voltage or the bridge arm current of the non-fault pole to exceed the protection value in the time scale of tens to hundreds of milliseconds, leading to cascading failures. To realize the fault ride-through (FRT) of single-pole converter fault, this paper analyzes the electrical characteristic of the system. Based on the analysis, the existing topology is optimized and the reasonable operation reserved margin is designed. Furthermore, the corresponding control strategy is proposed, which can not only ensure the single-pole converter block fault ride-through but can also realize economic, stable, and resilient power supply and address asymmetrical problems. Finally, the simulation model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC and the simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

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