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适用于氢燃料电池的双Z源DC-DC高增益变换器研究
Study of Dual Z-Source DC-DC High-Gain Converter for Hydrogen Fuel Cells
【目的】针对传统变换器应用于氢燃料电池并网时，存在升压能力不足以及器件应力过高的问题，提出了基于双Z源网络的低电应力高增益单管升压变换器（low electric stress high-gain single-switch converter based on dual Z-source network，LEHGSSC-DZ）。【方法】该变换器将准Z源变换器中的开关管前置，减少其器件应力，同时，将变换器其中一个电感用准Z源网络进行替代，构成双Z源网络结构，以增强变换器的升压能力；分析了变换器的工作原理及输出特性，将LEHGSSC-DZ与其他多种高增益升压变换器进行综合比较，并根据其输出特性给出元器件参数设计过程。通过仿真与实验验证理论分析的正确性和LEHGSSC-DZ的可行性。【结果】LEHGSSC-DZ拓扑器件数量较少，经济性较高，且相较于传统Z源Boost变换器，输出电压提高了43.8%，相较于传统Boost变换器，输出电压提高了5.1倍，开关器件电压应力减少了30%。【结论】所提出的变换器具备低电应力、高增益、器件数量少的突出优势，且效率最高可达97.25%，有助于提高氢燃料电池并网系统的工作效率。
[Objective] In response to the insufficient boost capability and excessive device stress when conventional converters are applied to hydrogen fuel cell grid connection， a low electrical stress high-gain single-switch converter based on a dual Z-source network （LEHGSSC-DZ） is proposed. [Methods] This converter places the switching transistor in the quasi-Z source converter upfront to reduce device stress. Simultaneously， one of the inductor components is replaced with a quasi-Z source network， forming a dual-Z source network structure to enhance the converter's boost capability. The operating principle and output characteristics of the converter are analyzed， and a comprehensive comparison is made between the LEHGSSC-DZ and several other high-gain boost converters. Component parameter design is provided based on its output characteristics. The correctness of theoretical analysis and the feasibility of LEHGSSC-DZ are verified through simulations and experiments. [Results] The results demonstrate that the LEHGSSC-DZtopology employs fewer devices and offers superior cost-effectiveness. Compared to conventional Z-source boost converters， it achieves a 43.8% increase in output voltage， while delivering an output voltage that is 5.1 times higher than that of conventional boost converters. Furthermore， it reduces switching device voltage stress by 30%. [Conclusions] The proposed converter offers the distinct advantages of low electrical stress， high gain， and minimal device count， achieving a maximum efficiency of 97.25%. This contributes to enhancing the operational efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell grid-connected systems.
氢燃料电池 / 高电压增益 / 准Z源变换器 / 低电应力 / 双Z源网络
hydrogen fuel cell / high voltage gain / quasi-Z-source converter / low electrical stress / dual Z-source network
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以燃料电池汽车为代表的氢能利用技术，对改善空气质量与减少化石燃料消耗具有积极作用。针对燃料电池汽车用DC-DC变换器的宽升降压范围、低输入电流纹波、宽电压输入范围和输入输出共地要求，将准Z源结构与LC网络进行结合，提出一种基于准Z源结构的非隔离升降压DC-DC变换器。该变换器在非极限占空比下具有宽升降压范围，同时具有连续的输入电流和输入输出共地结构。在建立所提出的升降压变换器小信号模型的基础上，设计该变换器的闭环控制系统。试验结果表明，所提出的变换器能够有效实现3.8倍升压与0.75倍降压，额定功率下最大效率为96.17%。当发生负载扰动与电压阶跃变化时，系统的调节时间均小于250 ms，具有良好的闭环控制效果。所提出的升降压DC-DC变换器适用于燃料电池汽车动力系统。
Hydrogen energy utilization technology represented by fuel cell vehicles has a major impact on improving air quality and reducing other fossil-fuel-related problems. Aiming at the requirements of wide step-up and step-down range, low input current ripple,wide voltage input range and common ground between input and output of DC-DC converters for fuel cell vehicles, a non-isolated buck-boost DC-DC converter based on quasi-Z source structure is proposed by combining quasi-Z source structure with LC network.The converter not only has a wide step-up and step-down range under non-limit duty cycle, but has a continuous input current and input-output common ground structure. Based on the small signal model of the proposed buck-boost converter, the closed-loop control system of the converter is designed. The experimental results show that the proposed converter can effectively achieve 3.8 times step-up and 0.75 times step-down, and the maximum efficiency is 96.17% at rated power. When load disturbance and voltage step occur, the adjust time of the control system is less than 250 ms, which has a good closed-loop control effect. The proposed buck-boost DC-DC converter is suitable for fuel cell vehicles powertrain.
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