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改性BaTiO3填充颗粒增强聚丙烯电容储能密度研究
雷添翔, 徐莹, 赵峥, 苏然, 吴方劼, 郝致远, 赵雨琦
电力建设 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3) : 160-169.
PDF(7876 KB)
PDF(7876 KB)
改性BaTiO3填充颗粒增强聚丙烯电容储能密度研究
Study of Enhancing Energy Storage Density of Polypropylene Film Capacitors by Modified BaTiO3 Nano-fillers
【目的】聚丙烯（PP）薄膜电容器因其低损耗、高耐压等优异特性，广泛应用于关键电力设备，然而，其较低的介电常数制约了性能提升。【方法】提升薄膜介电常数是实现高性能电容器的核心途径。通过填充高介电陶瓷纳米颗粒虽可提高介电常数，但往往导致击穿场强下降。因此，如何在提升介电性能的同时保持高击穿强度成为挑战。本文创新性地以高介电钛酸钡（BaTiO₃）为核、低介电无序结构为壳，构建具有分级结构的复合薄膜。【结果】实验表明，该复合薄膜的储能密度达10.6 J/cm3，较纯PP薄膜提升5倍，实现了介电常数与击穿场强的协同优化。机理分析揭示：1）低介电壳层可缓冲有机-无机界面的介电失配，抑制电场畸变，显著提高击穿强度；2）核壳界面诱导的空间电荷在电场作用下形成特殊分布，迁移时产生强界面极化，从而大幅提升介电常数。【结论】本研究通过精准调控纳米填料微观结构，成功解决了介电性能与绝缘强度的矛盾，为高性能电容器薄膜的设计提供了新思路。
[Objective] Polypropylene （PP） film capacitors are widely used in critical power equipment due to their excellent characteristics such as low loss and high voltage endurance. However， their low dielectric constant limits performance enhancement. [Methods] Increasing the dielectric constant of films is the core approach to maximizing capacitor performance. While conventional methods employing high-dielectric ceramic nanoparticles can improve dielectric constants， they often lead to reduced breakdown field strength. As such， how to keep a high breakdown field strength while improving dielectric performance becomes a challenge. This paper innovatively designs a core-shell structured nanofiller system， featuring a high-dielectric barium titanate （BaTiO₃） core and a low-dielectric disordered shell， to construct hierarchically structured composite films. [Results] Experimental results demonstrate that the composite film achieves an energy storage density of 10.6 J/cc， representing a 5-fold improvement over pure PP films， while synergistically optimizing both dielectric constant and breakdown field strength. Mechanistic analysis reveals：1） The low-dielectric shell buffers the organic-inorganic interfacial dielectric mismatch， suppressing electric field distortion and significantly enhancing breakdown field strength； 2） Space charges induced at the core-shell interface form unique distributions under the effect of electric field， generating strong interfacial polarization during migration to substantially boost dielectric constant. [Conclusions] By precisely controlling nanofiller microstructure， this study successfully resolves the conflict between dielectric performance and insulation strength. The work provides new insights for the design of high-performance capacitor films.
聚丙烯复合薄膜 / 纳米填料 / 介电常数 / 击穿场强 / 多级结构
polypropylene composite film / nanofillers / dielectric constant / breakdown field strength / hierarchical structure
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雷添翔（1990），男，博士，工程师，主要研究方向为特高压直流输电技术、高电压材料、高压绝缘技术等，E-mail：
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