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考虑各季节富余电池仓数量的出租车换电站调节能力挖掘策略
孔凡强, 兰海涛, 吕帅帅, 严干贵, 赵磊, 韩志博, 常学飞
电力建设 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5) : 147-158.
PDF(2830 KB)
PDF(2830 KB)
考虑各季节富余电池仓数量的出租车换电站调节能力挖掘策略
Strategy for Optimizing the Regulation Capability of Taxi Battery-Swapping Stations by Leveraging Seasonally Surplus Battery Slots
【目的】 针对换电站可靠调节能力科学评估及不确定换电需求下充电时序策略优化这一关键问题，本文提出一种考虑季节性富余电池仓数量的换电站调节能力评估与优化调控方法。【方法】 基于东北地区77座换电站实测数据发现，冬季换电站面临显著的充换电压力，而春、夏、秋季则具备富余调节能力。进一步，考虑到出租车换电行为具有相对稳定的规律性，通过优化电池仓的循环利用效率，压缩循环换电所需的电池仓数量，以季节富余仓数量作为换电站可时移调节能力的量化表征。在此基础上，设计了一种基于混合整数线性规划方法的封仓延迟充电策略，并创新性地引入风险阈值保护机制，以充分挖掘富余电池仓及电池的潜在调节能力。【结果】 本文所提策略在春、夏、秋季的每次峰谷电价交替时段，能够有效挖掘某换电站25%电池容量的调节潜力，从而显著降低换电站约9%的购电运营成本。【结论】 本文所提策略在保障换电服务及时性的前提下，能够有效降低换电站的购电运营成本，为换电站参与电网需求响应及新能源消纳的相关研究提供了新的思路和方法，具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
[Objective] To address the challenge of accurately evaluating the regulation capability of battery-swapping stations （BSSs） and optimizing charging schedules under uncertain battery swapping demand， this paper proposes a BSS regulation capability assessment and optimal control method that explicitly considers the seasonal number of surplus battery slots. [Methods] Based on measured data from 77 BSSs in Northeast China， the study identifies that stations face significant charging and swapping pressure in winter， while possessing surplus regulation capacity in spring， summer， and autumn. By leveraging the inherent regularity of taxi battery-swapping behavior， we improve the cyclic utilization efficiency of battery slots and minimize the number of slots required for cyclic swapping. The number of seasonally surplus battery slots is subsequently used as a quantitative metric for the time-shiftable regulation capability of BSSs. On this basis， a delayed charging strategy for sealed battery slots is developed using mixed-integer linear programming， incorporating an innovative risk-threshold protection mechanism to maximize the potential regulation capability of surplus battery slots and batteries. [Results] Case studies demonstrate that during each peak-valley electricity price transition period in spring， summer， and autumn， the proposed strategy unlocked regulation potential equivalent to 25% of the total battery capacity of a given swapping station， reducing its electricity procurement and operational costs by approximately 9%. [Conclusions] The proposed strategy can effectively reduce electricity procurement and operational costs for BSSs while ensuring the timeliness of battery swapping services. This approach offers new insights and methodologies for research on the participation of BSSs in power grid demand response and the accommodation of renewable energy， and holds significant theoretical significance and practical value.
换电站 / 负荷调节能力 / 富余电池仓 / 混合整数线性规划 / 降本增效
battery-swapping station / load regulation capability / surplus battery slots / mixed-integer linear programming / cost reduction and efficiency improvement
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利益冲突声明（Conflict of Interests）： 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
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