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并网逆变器同步稳定性分析与控制策略研究综述
A Review of Synchronization Stability Analysis and Control Strategies for Grid-Connected Inverters
【目的】随着电力电子装备在新型电力系统中渗透率的日益提升，系统逐渐由同步发电机主导的“物理同步”特性，演变为并网逆变器主导的“控制同步”特性。受并网逆变器强非线性、弱过流能力以及多机耦合特性的影响，系统同步稳定性问题呈现出由局部到整体的多层次特征。【方法】文章从单机无穷大系统和混联系统两个层面展开综述。在单机无穷大系统层面，定义虚拟功角，描述跟网型（grid-following，GFL）逆变器、虚拟同步发电机类和虚拟振荡器类构网型（grid-forming，GFM）逆变器与电网的同步关系，基于虚拟功角曲线分析影响各类逆变器同步稳定性的关键因素，归纳典型致稳控制策略。在混联系统层面，考虑GFL与GFM逆变器控制环节之间的交互耦合关系，给出孤岛和并网模式下混联系统等效功角的动态模型，梳理对应场景下多机交互引发的同步失稳机理和致稳控制策略。【结论】结合对现有同步稳定性研究成果的分析，从多时间尺度建模、多场景稳定性评估与协同致稳控制三个方面，对并网逆变器同步稳定性的未来研究方向进行展望。
[Objective] With the increasing penetration of power electronic devices in the new power systems， the system is gradually evolving from a “physical synchronization” paradigm dominated by synchronous generators to a “control-based synchronization” paradigm dominated by grid-connected inverters. Due to the strong nonlinearity， limited overcurrent capability， and multi-inverter coupling characteristics of grid-connected inverters， synchronization stability issues exhibit multi-level features， extending from local dynamics to system-wide interactions.[Methods] To address this， this paper presents a comprehensive review from two perspectives， single-machine infinite-bus systems and hybrid systems. For the single-machine infinite-bus systems， virtual power angle dynamic models describing the synchronization behavior of grid-following （GFL） inverters， virtual synchronous generator-based， and virtual oscillator-based grid-forming （GFM） inverters with the grid are introduced. Based on the virtual power angle curves， the key factors affecting the synchronization stability of different inverter types are analyzed， and representative stabilization control strategies are summarized. For hybrid systems， considering the interactive coupling among control loops of GFL and GFM inverters， equivalent power angle dynamic models under both islanded and grid-connected modes are established， and the mechanisms of synchronization instability caused by multi-machine interactions， together with corresponding stabilization control strategies， are systematically reviewed.[Conclusions] Based on an analysis of existing research progress， future research directions on the synchronization stability of grid-connected inverters are discussed from the perspectives of multi-time-scale modeling， multi-scenario stability assessment， and coordinated stabilization control.
并网逆变器 / 跟网型控制 / 构网型控制 / 混联系统 / 同步稳定性
grid-connected inverters / grid-following control / grid-forming control / hybrid system / synchronization stability
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随着可再生能源发电及并网技术的快速发展,以电力电子变流设备为主导的微电网受到了越来越多的关注。由于电力电子变流器的低惯量和强非线性特征,孤岛微电网在大扰动下易发生暂态失稳。考虑微电网中构网逆变器与跟网逆变器的交互作用,提出1种基于等面积法则的暂态稳定性判据和暂态稳定提升控制策略。首先,建立了孤岛微电网的简化二阶动态模型,包含依赖于功角的非线性阻尼项。然后,从能量角度分析了非线性阻尼对加减速面积的影响规律。考虑非线性阻尼的分布特性,推导出正阻尼区域内的暂态稳定性判据。根据稳定边界条件,提出1种基于电压前馈的暂态稳定性提升控制策略。最后,利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真对所提稳定性判据和改进控制策略的有效性进行了验证。结果表明,所提微电网暂态稳定性判据和改进控制策略可为电力电子变流器的参数优化设计和提高微电网稳定运行能力提供理论依据。
With the rapid development of power generation by renewable energy and the grid-connection technology, the microgrid dominated by power electronic converters has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Owing to the low inertia and high nonlinearity of power electronic converters, an islanded microgrid under large disturbances is more likely to lose its transient stability. Considering the interactions between grid-forming and grid-following converters in the microgrid, a transient stability criterion based on the equal area criterion（EAC） and an improved control strategy for transient stability are proposed. First, the simplified second-order dynamic model of the islanded microgrid is established, which contains a nonlinear damping term relying on the power angle. Then, the impact of the nonlinear damping term on the acceleration and deceleration areas is revealed from the energy perspective. Considering the distribution characteristics of nonlinear damping, a transient stability criterion is formulated for the positive damping region. In addition, according to the stable boundary conditions, an improved control strategy for transient stability based on voltage feedforward is also put forward. Finally, simulations are carried out with MATLAB/Simulink to verify the effectiveness of the proposed stability criteria and the improved control strategy. The results show that the microgrid transient stability criterion and the improved control strategy proposed can provide a theoretical basis for the parameter optimization design of power electronic converters and the improvement of the stable operation capability of microgrid.
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