可再生能源大规模制氢及储氢系统是在新型电力系统背景下实现氢能与可再生能源深度融合的重要途径。主要介绍可再生能源大规模制氢及储氢系统的类别、结构组成,分析了发电侧资源特性、制氢/储氢技术特性和用氢侧需求波动特性,重点分析国内外可再生能源综合利用系统仿真软件研发现状以及系统控制策略优化、制氢/储氢容量配置优化和技术经济性优化等模型研究热点问题。

Renewable energy system coupled with large-scale hydrogen production and storage is an important way to achieve the deep integration of hydrogen energy and renewable energy in the new power system. In the review, the type and structure of renewable energy system coupled with large-scale hydrogen production and storage are introduced. The characteristics of generation side, the technical characteristics of hydrogen production and storage, and the fluctuation of demand side are also analyzed. The status of simulation software for renewable energy system is introduced. Research focuses in system model, such as the control strategy, the capacity optimization of hydrogen production and storage, and technical economy analysis, are studied in detail.

目的 车载供氢系统作为氢燃料电池汽车的核心部件，如何实现供氢系统的氢气完全循环利用及提高氢气利用率，已成为制约氢燃料电池汽车发展的关键瓶颈之一，因此对车载供氢系统发展现状进行了分析。 方法 介绍了车载供氢系统的基本工作原理，概述了6种回氢循环供氢系统与2种非循环供氢系统模式的结构组成、工作原理和发展现状，对比了不同模式供氢系统的优缺点；梳理了车载供氢系统中储氢瓶、加氢模块、组合阀等关键部件的技术现状，并对减压阀、过流阀、手动阀等核心阀件发展现状进行了分析；最后，对车载供氢系统的发展趋势和攻关方向进行了展望。 结论 供氢系统循环模式是未来主要发展方向；先进信息技术、自动控制技术及智能决策算法等将逐步用于车载供氢系统；车载供氢系统各部件逐渐向轻量化、高可靠性、低成本、标准化和模块化方向发展。

Objectives The onboard hydrogen supply system serves as a core component of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. How to achieve complete hydrogen gas recycling and improve hydrogen utilization efficiency have become one of the key bottlenecks limiting the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Therefore, an analysis of the current development status of onboard hydrogen supply systems is conducted. Methods This paper introduces the basic working principles of onboard hydrogen supply systems, and summarizes the structure, working principles, and development status of six types of hydrogen-recycling supply systems and two types of non-recycling supply systems. The advantages and disadvantages of different hydrogen supply system modes are compared. The technical status of key components in onboard hydrogen supply systems, such as hydrogen storage cylinders, hydrogen refueling modules, and combination valves is reviewed. Additionally, the development status of core valves such as pressure relief valves, overcurrent valves, and manual valves is analyzed. Finally, the development trends and research directions for onboard hydrogen supply systems are discussed. Conclusions The recycling mode of hydrogen supply systems is the main development direction for the future. Advanced information technologies, automatic control technologies, and intelligent decision-making algorithms will be gradually applied to onboard hydrogen supply systems. The components of onboard hydrogen supply systems will gradually evolve towards lightweight, high reliability, low cost, standardization, and modularization.

目的 液态储运是实现氢气大规模、远距离储运，保证氢能规模化应用的有效途径之一。目前，我国针对液氢制备、储运及加注领域的研究相对较少，为此，对该领域关键技术发展现状进行了分析。 方法 对比了高压气态、液态及固态储氢技术的优缺点；综述了液氢制备过程中的主要液化方法、液氢储存绝热技术与关键材料；分析了不同液氢运输方式与装备的特点；梳理了液氢加氢站建设情况，并对比了液氢加注技术；阐述了液氢主要应用领域和产业化模式，并对近年来我国液氢储运专利技术进行了统计分析。 结论 提出了我国液氢储运发展面临的“卡脖子”难点及亟需技术攻关的方向。研究结果可为液氢关键技术的研究与装备的研制提供参考。

Objectives Liquid storage and transportation is one of the effective ways to realize large-scale and long-distance storage and transportation of hydrogen and ensure the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. At present, there is relatively little research on the preparation, storage, transportation, and refueling of liquid hydrogen in China. Therefore, the current development status analysis of key technologies in these fields was conducted. Methods The advantages and disadvantages of high pressure gaseous storage, liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage technologies were compared. The main liquefaction methods, liquid hydrogen storage insulation technologies and key materials in the process of liquid hydrogen preparation were reviewed. The characteristics of different transportation modes and equipments of liquid hydrogen were analyzed. The construction of liquid hydrogen hydrogenation station was combed, and the liquid hydrogen filling technologies were compared. The main application fields and industrialization modes of liquid hydrogen were expounded, and a statistical analysis of the patent technologies of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation in China in recent years was carried. Results The “neck-stuck” difficulties faced by the development of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation in China and the urgent need for technical research directions were proposed. Conclusions The results can provide reference for the key technology research and equipment development of liquid hydrogen.