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面向电力系统需求响应的5G基站可信容量评估与优化调度研究综述
Review on Creditable Capacity Assessment and Optimal Scheduling of 5G Base Stations Oriented to Power System Demand Response
【目的】随着第五代移动通信技术的快速发展，5G基站因其高能耗特性及规模化部署，具有可观的需求响应潜力，成为新型电力系统转型不可忽略的重要解决方案。然而，现有研究主要基于确定性模型评估基站可调度潜力，未能充分考虑通信负载波动、供电可靠性等多重不确定性，从而影响评估结果的可信度。【方法】首先，回顾传统的确定性评估方法，分析其局限性；进而，结合5G基站特性，提出一种考虑多重不确定性的5G基站可信容量评估框架；基于此框架，将5G基站可信容量评估引入优化调度中，提出基于可信容量约束的随机优化调度思路。最后，从源荷不确定性、跨层级资源协同优化及数据安全保护3个维度，展望5G基站与电力系统协同调度的未来研究方向。【结果】可信容量评估能够量化不同置信水平下5G基站可提供的调节能力；将评估结果作为可信约束引入优化调度模型，有助于提高调度决策对复杂运行条件的适应性。【结论】未来需进一步深化5G基站可信容量评估与电力系统优化调度的协同研究，为5G基站可靠参与电力系统调度提供理论依据，助力新型电力系统安全稳定运行与低碳转型。
[Objective] With the rapid advancement of the fifth-generation （5G） mobile communication technology， large-scale deployed 5G base stations with high energy consumption characteristics exhibit considerable demand response potential， serving as an indispensable solution for the transformation of new power systems. Nevertheless， most existing studies assess the dispatchable potential of 5G base stations based on deterministic models， which fail to fully account for multiple uncertainties including communication load fluctuations and power supply reliability， thus undermining the reliability and accuracy of evaluation results. [Methods] This paper firstly reviews the traditional deterministic assessment methods and systematically analyzes their inherent limitations. Combined with the operational characteristics of 5G base stations， a credible capacity assessment framework considering multiple uncertainties is further proposed. On this basis， the credible capacity evaluation of 5G base stations is incorporated into power system optimal scheduling， and a stochastic optimal scheduling strategy constrained by credible capacity is formulated. Finally， future research directions for the collaborative scheduling of 5G base stations and power systems are prospected from three dimensions： source-load uncertainty， cross-level resource collaborative optimization， and data security protection. [Results] The results demonstrate that the proposed credible capacity assessment method can quantify the adjustable regulation capacity of 5G base stations at different confidence levels. Introducing the assessment results as credible constraints into the optimal scheduling model effectively enhances the adaptability of scheduling decisions to complex and variable operating conditions. [Conclusions] In future research， it is necessary to further deepen the collaborative research on credible capacity assessment of 5G base stations and optimal scheduling of power systems. The research findings can provide a solid theoretical foundation for the reliable participation of 5G base stations in power system scheduling， and facilitate the safe， stable operation and low-carbon transformation of new power systems.
5G基站 / 需求响应 / 可调度潜力 / 可信评估 / 优化调度
5G base station / demand response / dispatchable potential / credible assessment / optimal dispatch
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王要强设计论文框架，参与论文修订及论文最终版本修订；张佳阁撰写论文，参与论文修订；鲍鹏提出研究方向，修订论文，审核论文，提供基金支持；袁嘉参与论文修订。所有作者均阅读并同意了论文终稿内容。
所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
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