PDF(1079 KB)
PDF(1079 KB)
PDF(1079 KB)
有源配电网集中式保护方案容错性分析及改进策略
Fault Tolerance Analysis and Improvement Strategies for Centralized Protection Schemes of Active Distribution Networks
【目的】高比例分布式光伏接入配电系统后，馈线终端装置（feeder terminal unit，FTU）方向辨识受相角偏移、通信异常等影响，导致基于图论的集中式保护在信息畸变条件下出现误动、拒动等问题。为此，本文提出了一种融合故障演化特征的多阶段自适应保护改进方法。【方法】首先，基于配电网拓扑矩阵和FTU上传的方向过流信息构建故障辨识矩阵，获得初步故障区段；其次，针对初步辨识结果中出现的多重故障区段，引入评价函数对候选故障组合进行筛选，以降低由远端FTU信息畸变引发的超范围动作风险；进一步地，针对上一级线路故障被误判为研究区段故障以及独立末端线路故障漏判等场景，利用初次隔离后的残余过流特征进行二次复核，实现故障范围的二次精确识别。【结果】基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台构建10 kV配电网，重点对传统方案因上传错误信息导致故障未能切除或保护动作范围不足的问题进行分析。仿真结果表明，该方案通过二次校验精准识别残留故障电流，并补充切除实际的故障区段，可有效应对多种FTU信息畸变工况。【结论】改进集中式保护方案较传统集中式保护方案提升了系统的容错能力、保护动作可靠性及选择性。与单纯依赖FTU辨识信息相比，该方案拓扑适应性强、判据简洁，降低了有源配电网的保护失效风险。
[Objective] With the integration of high-penetration distributed photovoltaic generation into distribution networks，the directional identification of feeder terminal units （FTU） is susceptible to phase-angle deviation and communication abnormalities. As a result，graph-theory-based centralized protection may suffer from maloperation or failure to operate under information distortion conditions. To address this issue，a multi-stage adaptive protection improvement scheme incorporating fault evolution characteristics is proposed. [Methods] First，a fault identification matrix is constructed based on the distribution network topology matrix and the directional overcurrent information uploaded by FTU，so as to obtain the preliminary fault section. Then，for multiple fault sections appearing in the preliminary identification result，an evaluation function is introduced to screen candidate fault combinations，thereby reducing the risk of over-range operation caused by remote FTU information distortion. Furthermore，for scenarios in which an upstream line fault is misidentified as a fault in the studied section，or an independent terminal-line fault is missed，secondary verification is performed using the residual overcurrent characteristics after the initial isolation，so as to realize secondary accurate identification of the fault range. [Results] A 10 kV distribution network is built based on the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform，and the problems of failed fault clearance or insufficient protection action range caused by the upload of incorrect information in the traditional scheme are analyzed. The simulation results show that the scheme can accurately identify the residual fault current through secondary verification and supplement the actual fault section for clearance，effectively dealing with various FTU information distortion conditions. [Conclusions] The improved centralized protection scheme significantly enhances the fault tolerance，protection action reliability and selectivity of the system compared with the traditional centralized protection scheme. Compared with the scheme that solely relies on FTU identification information，this scheme has strong topological adaptability，simple criteria，and reduces the risk of protection failure in active distribution networks.
有源配电网 / 图论 / 集中式保护 / 容错能力 / 故障辨识
active distribution network / graph theory / centralized protection / fault-tolerant capability / fault identification
| [1] |
国家能源局. 2025年可再生能源并网运行情况[EB/OL].(2026-02-12)[2026-05-09]. https://www.nea.gov.cn/20260212/742b8c6a078347b0b39de676c05c5d58/c.html.
|
| [2] |
邓靖雷, 姚良忠, 徐箭, 等. 一种基于附加谐波电流信号的主动配电网线路保护方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(4): 1409-1423.
|
| [3] |
司新跃. 逆变型分布式电源故障建模与配电网保护[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2016.
|
| [4] |
袁兆祥, 张翼, 聂铭, 等. 分布式新能源接入的10 kV配电网保护适应性分析[J]. 电力建设, 2024, 45(2): 49-57.
分布式电源(distributed generation, DG)的并网运行改变了传统单辐射式供电网络结构,同时潮流和负荷电流的双向流动影响了电力系统的安全稳定运行。针对分布式新能源接入10 kV配电网场景下的线路保护适应性进行分析,根据分布式电源接入位置不同,理论分析了新能源电源接入造成的助增电流、外汲电流、反向电流等对配电网现有保护的影响,明晰了分布式电源容量对保护性能的影响,量化了10 kV配电网保护性能边界条件,对于后续的保护配置方案以及保护新原理的研究提供理论支撑。仿真结果验证了保护适应性分析的正确性。
Distributed generation (DG) connected to a power network has changed the traditional single-radiation power supply network structure, while the two-way power flow and load current affect the safe and stable operation of power systems. In this study, the line protection adaptability under the scenario of DG connected to a 10 kV distribution network is analyzed. Based on the different locations of distributed generation, the effects of the infeed current, outflow current, and reverse current on the existing protection of the distribution network are analyzed theoretically. The effect of the power capacity of DG on the protection performance is clarified. Moreover, the protection performance boundary conditions of a 10 kV distribution network are quantified. This study provides theoretical support for subsequent research on protection configuration schemes and new protection principles. The simulation results verify the accuracy of the protection adaptability analysis. |
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
乔一达, 吴红斌, 吴通华, 等. 含逆变型分布式电源的配电网分区域电流保护[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(增刊1): 134-144.
|
| [7] |
韦明杰, 王聪博, 余越, 等. 适用高比例分布式光伏接入的配电网多级保护优化配置方案[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(22): 55-65.
|
| [8] |
晁晨栩, 郑晓冬, 高飘, 等. 含高比例光伏配电网的高频阻抗差动保护[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(20): 6968-6978.
|
| [9] |
王帅, 贾东梨, 刘科研, 等. 适应高比例光伏接入的有源配电网改进型故障保护策略[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(1): 105-114.
|
| [10] |
李世伟, 陶睿, 许守东, 等. 含分布式光伏的配电网相间故障自适应距离保护方法[J]. 可再生能源, 2025, 43(11): 1502-1509.
|
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
郭亮, 李升健, 邓才波, 等. 分布式光伏对配电网保护与自动化的影响及对策措施[J]. 江西电力, 2025, 49(1): 1-6,12.
|
| [13] |
吴振杰, 胡晨, 陈海燕, 等. 基于双比例补偿系数的有源配电网电流差动保护[J]. 浙江电力, 2024, 43(12): 104-113.
|
| [14] |
林湘宁, 刘胜福, 翁汉琍, 等. 可实现故障快速响应和全面覆盖的有源高压配电网单端暂态量阶段式保护方案[J]. 广东电力, 2024, 37(10): 121-134.
|
| [15] |
许仕杰, 喻锟, 曾祥君, 等. 基于线电压组合调控的配电网单相接地故障消弧与保护方法[J]. 南方电网技术, 2025, 19(12): 100-111.
针对非有效接地配电网中单相接地故障消弧与保护的难题，首先提出了基于线电压组合调控的配电网单相接地故障消弧方法，利用单相接地故障及调控过程线电压恒定不变特征，由可调注入变从系统获取三相线电压，调节注入变压器变比及二次侧开关灵活调控零序电压，主动抑制故障相电压至0，实现接地故障可靠消弧。进一步提出基于线电压组合调控的配电网单相接地故障类型及馈线辨识方法，分析注入变压器变比改变前后注入电流、零序电压及各馈线零序电流变化特征，构建了基于相角差及导纳比的接地故障类型及馈线双重辨识判据，实现接地故障类型及故障馈线灵敏辨识。在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真环境中对所提方法进行验证，仿真结果表明该方法能够有效抑制接地故障电弧，并实现接地故障类型及馈线的主动灵敏准确辨识，提升配电网安全可靠运行能力。
Aiming at the problem of arc suppression and protection of single-phase grounding fault in non effectively grounded distribution network, a single-phase grounding fault arc suppression method based on line voltage combination regulation of distribution network is proposed. Using the characteristics of single-phase grounding fault and line voltage constant in the regulation process, the three-phase line voltage is obtained from the adjustable injection transformer from the system, the injection transformer ratio and the secondary side switch are adjusted to flexibly regulate the zero sequence voltage, and the fault phase voltage is actively suppressed to 0, which realizes reliable arc suppression of grounding fault. Furthermore, a single-phase grounding fault type and feeder identification method based on the combined regulation of line voltage in distribution network is proposed. The change characteristics of injection current, zero sequence voltage and zero sequence current of each feeder before and after the change of injection transformation ratio are analyzed. The double identification criteria of ground fault type and feeder based on phase angle difference and admittance ratio are constructed to realize the sensitive identification of ground fault type and fault feeder. The proposed method is verified in PSCAD/EMTDC simulation environment. The simulation results show that the method can effectively suppress the grounding fault arc, realize the active, sensitive and accurate identification of grounding fault types and feeders, and improve the safe and reliable operation ability of distribution network. |
| [16] |
袁明瀚, 杨学信, 李亦农, 等. 计及信息畸变的有源配电网故障区段定位[J]. 上海电力大学学报, 2023, 39(3): 237-243.
|
| [17] |
郑涛, 马龙, 李博文. 基于馈线终端装置信息畸变校正的有源配电网故障区段定位[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45(10): 3926-3934.
|
| [18] |
满超洪, 孙铁鹏, 李海锋, 等. 基于分布-集中两阶段协同的有源配电网智能故障区段定位方法[J]. 南方电网技术, 2025, 19(11): 72-82.
针对有源配电网故障定位中传统集中式方法所需通信量大，以及现有人工智能方法在分布式部署时面临模型复杂、资源受限等挑战，提出了一种分布式部署-集中式诊断的两阶段协同智能故障区段定位方法。该方法首先利用变分模态分解对各分布测量单元采集的电流信号提取高维局部故障特征，并通过轻量化多层感知机模型在终端完成初步诊断，仅将低维度的故障区段概率向量上传。随后，在集中式融合端以这些概率向量为元特征，借助K-Fold交叉验证生成元学习数据，构建基于Stacking的协同神经网络对多源信息进行端到端优化融合，输出最终故障区段判别结果。仿真实验表明，所提方法能够有效整合分布式观测信息，在多种故障工况下均能实现高精度的故障区段定位，其性能显著优于单个本地模型及简单融合策略，为配电网故障的快速精准定位提供了新的有效途径。
In view of the large communication volume required by traditional centralized methods in active distribution network fault section location, as well as the challenges faced by existing artificial intelligence methods such as complex models and resource constraints when deployed in a distributed manner, a two-stage collaborative intelligent fault section location method of distributed deployment and centralized diagnosis is proposed. This method first uses variational mode decomposition to extract high-dimensional local fault features from the current signals collected by each distributed measurement unit, and then completes the preliminary diagnosis at the terminal through a lightweight multi-layer perceptron model, only uploading the low-dimensional fault section probability vector. Subsequently, at the centralized fusion end, taking these probability vectors as meta-features, meta-learning data is generated with the aid of K-Fold cross-validation, and a collaborative neural network based on Stacking is constructed to optimize and fuse multi-source information end-to-end, in order to output the final fault section discrimination result. The simulation experiments show that the proposed method can effectively integrate distributed observation information and achieve high-precision fault section location under various fault conditions. Its performance is significantly better than that of a single local model and a simple fusion strategy, providing a new and effective way for the rapid and accurate location of distribution network faults. |
| [19] |
田果, 黄小莉, 邓强, 等. 基于图论的智能配电网馈线保护研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2015, 43(16): 95-99.
|
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
肖繁, 夏勇军, 张侃君, 等. 含新能源接入的配电网网络化保护原理研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(增刊2): 709-719.
|
| [22] |
陈继明, 陈文淙, 仉志华, 等. 基于波形相似性的柔性互联配电网短路故障区段定位方法[J]. 电力工程技术, 2025, 44(1): 104-114.
|
| [23] |
石昱烜, 席燕辉, 张伟杰. 基于GAF-ResNet50的配电网故障区段定位[J]. 电力科学与技术学报, 2025, 40(2): 122-130,149.
|
| [24] |
李佳宇, 王光临, 罗建华, 等. 基于多元变分模态分解与峭度的配电电缆故障定位方法[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2024, 40(3): 92-98.
|
| [25] |
张晓新, 董灵斌, 林峰, 等. 自取电的电缆故障类型及故障分段定位的研究[J]. 高压电器, 2024, 60(11): 116-122.
|
| [26] |
赵乔, 王增平, 董文娜, 等. 基于免疫二进制粒子群优化算法的配电网故障定位方法研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2020, 48(20): 83-89.
|
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
|
| [30] |
陶旭东. 一种改进遗传算法的配电网故障定位方法分析[J]. 电子技术, 2024, 53(8): 294-295.
|
| [31] |
蔡明熹. 基于蚁群算法的配电网故障检测定位与恢复研究[J]. 电工技术, 2023(9): 35-38.
|
| [32] |
毕忠勤, 杨小婷, 王宝楠, 等. 基于量子退火算法的配电网故障定位[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(31): 13394-13406.
|
| [33] |
廖碧莲, 高中林, 唐江琦, 等. 基于图论的主动配电网集中式方向保护研究[J]. 智慧电力, 2019, 47(8): 55-62.
|
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
胡福年, 孙守娟. 基于图论的矩阵算法在配电网故障定位中的应用[J]. 中国电力, 2016, 49(3): 94-98.
|
| [36] |
郑兆晖, 朱建良. 智能分布式电网的改进矩阵故障定位算法[J]. 淮阴工学院学报, 2023, 32(1): 39-45.
|
| [37] |
梁志坚, 杨茗. 基于图论及改进矩阵算法的配电网故障定位[J]. 广西电力, 2021, 44(1): 69-76.
|
| [38] |
徐彪, 尹项根, 张哲, 等. 矩阵算法和优化算法相结合的配电网故障定位[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(5): 152-161.
|
| [39] |
梅飞, 陈子平, 裴鑫, 等. 基于矩阵算法的有源配电网故障定位容错方法[J]. 电力工程技术, 2022, 41(6): 109-115.
|
所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
李晔提出研究方向、设计论文框架；李雯进行文献调研与整理、完成论文撰写；何佳伟、李斌设计研究思路、设计研究方案，论证研究方案可行性；贾娜收集并分析数据进行验证，参与论文撰写。所有作者均阅读并同意了论文终稿内容。
AI小编
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
AI 导读
