PDF(2819 KB)
PDF(2819 KB)
PDF(2819 KB)
双类型风机协同离网风电场序阻抗建模与小干扰稳定分析
Sequence Impedance Modeling and Small-Signal Stability Analysis of Off-Grid Wind Farms with Coordinated Dual-Type Wind Turbines
【目的】风电场送出线路故障或检修后会进入离网状态，该状态系统支撑薄弱、易诱发小干扰失稳。为维持离网状态风场热备用稳定运行，实现送出线路故障消除后风场快速并网、减少弃风损失，提出离网风场序阻抗建模与小干扰稳定分析方法。【方法】首先，依托谐波线性化建立虚拟同步发电机（virtual synchronous generator， VSG）构网型风机与无功补偿策略跟网型风机的序阻抗模型，明晰构网风机主动频率电压支撑、无功补偿风机精准匹配系统无功需求的协同运行机制；其次，基于电路叠加定理，将离网风场整体复杂序阻抗模型解构为构网风机、无功补偿风机主导的子网络，进一步结合奈奎斯特判据，提出了系统小干扰稳定性分析方法，揭示关键参数对系统稳定-失稳演化规律的影响，为关键参数区间的选择与稳定性评估提供理论参考。【结果】Matlab/Simulink仿真结果表明，所提方法能够有效判别离网风场小干扰稳定性。电压幅值与线路阻抗参数对系统稳定性存在显著影响，通过优化核心参数区间可保证风场离网状态下黑启动及后续热备用稳定运行。【结论】所提方法能够为风电场离网黑启动、热备用状态的小干扰稳定运行提供理论支撑与技术参考，该方法可为其他类型新能源装备构成的离网电力系统小干扰稳定性分析提供建模框架参考。
[Objective] Wind farms will operate in an off-grid state when faults occur or maintenance is performed on transmission lines， where the system exhibits weak support capability and is susceptible to small-signal instability. To maintain the stable hot-standby operation of off-grid wind farms and realize rapid grid reconnection after fault clearance for reducing wind curtailment losses， this paper proposes a sequence impedance modeling and small-signal stability analysis method for off-grid wind farms. [Methods] First， based on the harmonic linearization method， sequence impedance models are established for virtual synchronous generator （VSG）-controlled grid-forming wind turbines and grid-following wind turbines with reactive power compensation strategies. The coordinated operation mechanism is clarified， in which grid-forming wind turbines provide active frequency and voltage support while reactive power compensation wind turbines accurately match the system reactive power demand. Second， according to the circuit superposition theorem， the complex overall sequence impedance model of the off-grid wind farm is decomposed into subnetworks dominated by grid-forming wind turbines and reactive power compensation wind turbines. Combined with the Nyquist criterion， a systematic small-signal stability analysis method is proposed to reveal the influence of key parameters on the system stability-instability evolution law， providing a theoretical reference for the selection of key parameter ranges and system stability evaluation. [Results] Matlab/Simulink simulation results verify that the proposed method can effectively judge the small-signal stability of off-grid wind farms. Voltage amplitude and line impedance parameters have significant effects on system stability， and optimizing the ranges of core parameters can ensure the reliable black start and subsequent stable hot-standby operation of wind farms in off-grid mode. [Conclusions] The proposed method provides solid theoretical support and technical guidance for the small-signal stable operation of wind farms during off-grid black start and hot-standby conditions. Meanwhile， it can serve as a general modeling framework for the small-signal stability analysis of off-grid power systems composed of other types of new energy equipment.
风电场离网系统 / 黑启动 / 热备用 / 构网型风机 / 风机无功补偿能力 / 等值序阻抗模型 / 小干扰稳定性评估
off-grid wind farm system / black start / hot standby / grid-forming wind turbine / reactive power compensation capability of wind turbines / equivalent sequence impedance model / small-signal stability assessment
| [1] |
杨宏钧, 刘俊良, 涂银钢, 等. 跟网/构网型直驱风场经MMC-HVDC送出系统的振荡分析与抑制策略研究[J/OL]. 电工技术学报, 2026-01-08. https://doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251738.
|
| [2] |
孟刘威, 王维庆, 李笑竹. 基于DRU-HVDC送出系统的构网/跟网混合海上风电场黑启动策略[J]. 高压电器, 2025, 61(11): 138-148, 174.
|
| [3] |
胡宇飞, 田震, 查晓明, 等. 构网型与跟网型变流器主导孤岛微网阻抗稳定性分析及提升策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46(24): 121-131.
|
| [4] |
刘铖, 周凌, 李文彪, 等. 基于网络能量的含跟网-构网型混合风机的电力系统次同步振荡特性解析研究[J]. 东北电力大学学报, 2025, 45(4): 9-17.
|
| [5] |
崔晓丹, 吴家龙, 薛峰, 等. 基于主导特征辨识的双馈机组风电场次同步振荡等值建模方法[J]. 高压电器, 2025, 61(9): 184-192.
|
| [6] |
王海宁. 电流/电压控制型直驱风电场频率耦合导纳建模与分析及振荡抑制[D]. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2023.
|
| [7] |
朱东海, 马玉梅, 胡家兵. 电网故障下新能源并网系统多时间尺度暂态稳定问题与研究现状[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2026, 46(1): 212-231.
|
| [8] |
袁辉, 辛焕海, 王冠中, 等. 含SVG的新能源多馈入系统振荡分析和广义短路比计算[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45(14): 38-46.
|
| [9] |
詹献文, 甘德强. 基于序参数的多虚拟同步机系统暂态稳定机理分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2026, 46(12): 4823-4838.
|
| [10] |
文曹, 宋梁, 高仕林, 等. 弱电网下SVC引发次超同步交互作用分析及振荡抑制[J]. 电力建设, 2025, 46(5): 24-35.
|
| [11] |
周涛, 向永建, 杜可可, 等. 风机与储能参与电网调频协调控制技术综述[J]. 浙江电力, 2024, 43(7): 45-55.
|
| [12] |
周年光, 谢欣涛, 马俊杰, 等. 风电场配套储能的自适应虚拟惯性: 阻尼控制[J]. 电力科学与技术学报, 2024, 39(3): 150-158.
|
| [13] |
王奕鑫, 刘晓颖, 汪莹, 等. 基于广义短路比的LCC/VSC混合多馈入系统小干扰稳定分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2026, 46(10): 3981-3995.
|
| [14] |
李琳, 张晓楠, 李庚银, 等. 考虑内外环交互作用的VSG并网振荡特性[J]. 电力建设, 2024, 45(4): 66-76.
虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)不同时间尺度控制环节之间存在交互作用,导致VSG并网系统振荡环节的动态特性尚不明确。针对这一问题,选取时间常数作为主导特征,提取影响内外环交互作用的关键因素,建立了考虑内外环交互作用的VSG并网系统降阶模型,并将降阶模型在平衡点处线性化得到类Heffron-Phillips稳定分析模型;基于阻尼转矩法分析了不同内环控制参数、线路运行参数下VSG并网系统的振荡特性;进一步分析了内外环交互作用与线路电磁暂态相互作用引入的振荡模态及其关键影响因素;最后,在Matlab/Simulink中搭建模型,通过时域输出验证了降阶模型的有效性以及考虑内外环交互作用的VSG并网振荡特性理论分析的正确性。
The dynamic characteristics and stability mechanism of a VSG grid-connected system are not sufficiently clear because of the interaction between the different timescale controls of the VSG. A time constant was selected as the leading feature to solve this problem. The critical factors influencing the interaction between the inner and outer rings were extracted, and a reduced-order model of a VSG grid-connected system was established. The established reduced-order model was further linearized at the equilibrium point to obtain a similar Heffron-Phillips stability analysis model. Based on the damping torque method, the oscillation characteristics of the VSG grid-connected system at different inner loop control parameters and grid strengths were analyzed. The oscillation modes introduced by the interaction between the inner and outer loops and the electromagnetic transient interaction of the line and its key influencing factors were further analyzed. Finally, a model was established in Matlab/Simulink, and the effectiveness of the reduced-order model and the correctness of the theoretical analysis of VSG grid-connected oscillation characteristics, considering the interaction between the inner and outer loops, were verified. |
| [15] |
王家乾, 赵晋斌, 曾志伟, 等. 基于虚拟惯性控制的光伏直流微电网稳定性分析[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2024, 44(4): 55-61, 95.
|
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
伍文华, 陈燕东, 周乐明, 等. 虚拟同步发电机接入弱电网的序阻抗建模与稳定性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(6): 1560-1571, 1853.
|
| [18] |
辛焕海, 李子恒, 董炜, 等. 三相变流器并网系统的广义阻抗及稳定判据[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(5): 1277-1292.
|
| [19] |
何松涛, 邵振国, 郑文迪, 等. 计及SVG动态调压策略的配电网双层不确定性无功规划配置[J]. 电网技术, 2023, 47(12): 5158-5168.
|
| [20] |
邢雅, 冯洋, 刘欣源, 等. 基于分布式调相机与SVC协同的新能源电站无功电压优化控制策略[J/OL]. 自动化技术与应用, 2025-09-02. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/23.1474.tp.20250902.1033.004.
|
| [21] |
朱丽萍, 刘文颖, 邵冲, 等. 基于调相机与SVC协调的抑制高压直流送端风机脱网的控制策略[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2021, 41(6): 107-115.
|
| [22] |
曹武, 杨铭, 胡波, 等. 基于构网变流器的新能源场站暂态电压分散协同控制策略[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2025, 53(14): 1-12.
|
| [23] |
徐衍会, 任晋, 田鑫, 等. 综合提升新能源高占比受端电网小干扰和暂态电压稳定性的SVG优化配置方法[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2024, 52(19): 119-130.
|
| [24] |
邱硕, 庄可好, 汤波, 等. 基于直流电容自同步的构网型SVG暂态同步稳定分析与提升策略[J]. 电网技术, 2025, 49(9): 3633-3642.
|
| [25] |
王赟程, 陈新, 陈杰, 等. 基于谐波线性化的三相LCL型并网逆变器正负序阻抗建模分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(21): 5890-5898, 6033.
|
| [26] |
韩佶, 邓钰婷, 耿子越, 等. 大规模风电场协调控制架构及算法综述[J]. 电力科学与技术学报, 2025, 40(1): 1-18.
|
| [27] |
李乔, 王潇, 任怡娜, 等. 考虑PMSG动态特性差异时直驱风电场经柔直并网系统的小信号稳定性分析[J]. 高电压技术, 2025, 51(9): 4553-4564.
|
| [28] |
兰征, 王海晖, 何东, 等. 考虑电流环控制域差异的构网变流器序阻抗建模及电网适用性对比分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(3): 834-848.
|
| [29] |
周锦涛, 张慧, 谢杰, 等. 基于特征谐波线性相移PWM的并网逆变器特定间谐波抑制方法[J]. 武汉大学学报(工学版), 2022, 55(9): 947-957.
|
| [30] |
辛焕海, 董炜, 袁小明, 等. 电力电子多馈入电力系统的广义短路比[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(22): 6013-6027.
|
| [31] |
辛焕海, 章枫, 于洋, 等. 多馈入直流系统广义短路比: 定义与理论分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(3): 633-647.
|
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
朱益华, 李成翔, 罗超, 等. 风火打捆送出系统稳定特性研究和运行策略优化[J]. 南方电网技术, 2024, 18(3): 26-33.
为解决粤西海上风电集群与火电打捆送出的同步稳定问题，首先研究了风火打捆送出系统的同步稳定特性和影响因素，然后提出了提高风火打捆送出系统风电渗透率和同步稳定特性好的风电机组优先发电的运行方式优化策略。最后构建了风电场集群整体硬件在环接入的实时仿真系统进行验证，仿真结果表明所提出的同步稳定性提升策略可以提高风火打捆送出系统稳定极限，有力提升了风电并网消纳率和电网安全稳定水平。
In order to solve the synchronous stability problem of bundled transmission of offshore wind power cluster and thermal power in western Guangdong, firstly the synchronous stabilization characteristics and influencing factors of the wind-thermal bundled system are studied in this paper, and then the optimization strategies of operation modes for improving wind power penetration rate of wind-thermal bundled system and giving priority to wind turbines with good synchronous stability characteristics are proposed. Finally, a real-time simulation system of wind farm cluster hard-ware-in-the-loop access is constructed for simulation verification, and the simulation results show that the proposed synchronous stability enhancement strategy can improve the stability limit of the wind-thermal bundled system, which strongly improves the rate of wind power on-grid consumption and the level of grid security and stability. |
| [34] |
胡雪凯, 孟良, 李磊, 等. 基于有源谐波电阻控制的下垂控制变流器振荡抑制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(9): 44-53, 67.
|
| [35] |
|
| [36] |
李成翔, 杜艳丽, 朱益华, 等. 基于风电机组频率主动支撑的多时间尺度调频控制策略[J]. 南方电网技术, 2024, 18(3): 83-92.
针对大规模风电经特高压直流外送系统送端惯量降低、调频能力下降等问题，提出了一种双馈风电机组与同步机组共同支撑送端系统频率的多时间尺度协调控制策略，有效提升了系统频率稳定性。根据同步机组调频备用容量与扰动功率分析了不同场景下送端系统的频率调节需求，提出了计及调频死区的双馈风电机组频率主动支撑多时间尺度协调控制策略，通过限幅环节及切换逻辑的合理设计实现了变速控制与桨距角控制的协调配合。基于同步机组备用容量设计了双馈风电机组的调频死区值，使其能够针对不同场景自适应切换惯量支撑和一次调频作用，实现调频资源的优化利用。然后分析了双馈风电机组与同步机共同参与频率调节的动态响应过程，进一步证明其优越性。最后，基于RTLAB实时数字仿真平台搭建了大规模风电经特高压直流外送系统仿真模型，验证了所提控制策略的有效性。
Aiming at the problems of system inertia reduction and frequency regulation capacity reduction at the sending-end of large-scale wind power via the ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission system, a multi-time scale coordinated control strategy of doubly-fed wind turbines and traditional synchronous units jointly supporting the sending-end system frequency is proposed, so as to effectively improve the stability of system frequency. According to the frequency regulation reserve capacity of synchronous units and disturbance power, the sending-end system frequency regulation demand in different scenarios is analyzed, and the multi-time scale frequency regulation control strategy based on frequency active support of wind turbines considering the frequency regulation dead zone is proposed, and the coordination and cooperation between variable speed control and propeller distance angle control are realized through the reasonable design of the limiting link and switching logic. And based on the reserve capacity of traditional synchronous units, the frequency regulation dead zone value of doubly-fed wind turbines is designed, so that it can adaptively switch the inertia support and primary frequency regulation for different scenarios, and realize the optimal utilization of frequency regulation resources. The dynamic response process of doubly-fed wind turbine and synchronous machine participating in frequency regulation is analyzed, which further proves its superiority. Finally, the large-scale wind power via the UHVDC transmission system simulation model is built based on RTLAB real-time digital simulation platform, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. |
| [37] |
|
| [38] |
袁国富, 杜文娟, 王海风. 风机出力变化下直驱风电场小干扰稳定性分析[J]. 电力工程技术, 2025, 44(5): 35-45.
|
| [39] |
黄伟, 张清波, 许昊, 等. 电力系统小干扰稳定分析的最小特征轨迹法[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2022, 42(12): 151-156, 164.
|
| [40] |
许津铭, 乔瑜, 罗运虎, 等. 开环同步型单相并网逆变器小干扰建模与弱电网下稳定性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2024, 44(15): 6136-6145.
|
所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
籍宏震、王媛媛进行了研究内容分析，提出核心创新点；叶宇轩完成仿真并分析数据；屈俊辉、樊秋敏参与了论文写作和修订。所有作者均阅读并同意了论文终稿内容。
AI小编
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
AI 导读
