同步电网合理规模的3个基本约束研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2015.11.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电网互联可以充分发挥电网的经济效益，而同步电网规模充分扩大后将带来电网调度、低频振荡等问题。从纯技术的角度，提出决定同步电网合理规模的3个基本约束：频率稳定约束、低频振荡最低频率约束和同步功率支援效应消失约束。研究表明：稳态频率偏差指标比暂态频率偏差指标对同步电网规模的要求更高，因而同步电网频率稳定约束可根据稳态频率偏差指标计算；快速励磁控制在低频振荡频段内对发电机阻尼的贡献是负的，且振荡频率越低负阻尼越大，配备有电力系统稳定器的发电机总电气阻尼通常在振荡频率低于0.3 Hz后变负，且振荡频率越低负阻尼越大；同步功率系数是刻画同步功率支援效应的指标，若同步电网内2台机组间稳态功角差超过90°，同步功率支援效应将消失。从同步电网一般性结构出发进行研究，其研究结论对实际电网的互联方式与电网规模确定具有指导意义。

关键词: 同步电网规模, 频率稳定, 低频振荡, 同步功率支援, 直接同步, 间接同步

Abstract:

Power system interconnections bring primary economic advantages. However， certain technical problems occur with the size expansion of synchronous grids， such as grid dispatching and low frequency oscillation. From technical viewpoints， this paper proposed three basic constraints to determine reasonable size of synchronous grids， including the frequency stability constraint， the minimum frequency constraint of low frequency oscillations and the synchronous support effect disappearance constraint. The research results indicate that steady frequency deviation index has higher requirements for synchronous grid size than that of transient frequency deviation index. Therefore the frequency stability constraint of synchronous grid can be calculated according to the deviation index of steady frequency. Fast excitation control contributes negatively to generator damping in low frequency spectrum， and the lower oscillation frequency the worse of damping effect is. The total damping of generators with power system stabilizer （PSS） tends to be negative when the frequency is lower than 0.3 Hz， and the lower oscillation frequency the worse of damping effect is. The synchronous power coefficient represents synchronous support effect. The synchronous support effect disappears when the steady angle difference of any two generators is larger than 90° within the synchronous grid. Based on the general structures of synchronous grids， the research conclusion in this paper has guiding significance to the interconnection method of actual power grids and grid scale determination.

Key words: synchronous grid size, frequency stability, low frequency oscillation, synchronous power support, direct synchronization, indirect synchronization

中图分类号:

TM 715

徐政，董桓锋，宋鹏程，程斌杰. 同步电网合理规模的3个基本约束研究[J]. 电力建设, 2015, 36(11): 77-84.

XU Zheng， DONG Huanfeng， SONG Pengcheng， CHENG Binjie. Three Basic Constraints for Reasonable Size of Synchronous Grids[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2015, 36(11): 77-84.

参考文献

［1］Rincliffe R G. Planning and operation of a large power pool［J］. IEEE Spectrum， 1967， 4（1）: 91-96.

［2］DESA UN. Multi-dimensional issues in international electric power grid interconnections［R］. UN DESA Report， 2006.

［３］徐政. 交直流电力系统动态行为分析［M］. 北京: 机械工业出版社， 2004: 1-10.

Xu Zheng. Dynamic behavior analysis of AC/DC power systems［M］. Beijing: China Machine Press， 2004: 1-10.

［4］Hammons T J， Woodford D， Loughtan J， et al. Role of HVDC transmission in future energy development［J］. IEEE Power Engineering Review， 2000， 20（2）: 10-25.

［5］Loehr G C. Enhancing the grid， smaller can be better［J］. Energy Biz Magazine， 2007（1）: 35-36.

［6］电力行业标准化技术委员会.DL/T 1234—2013电力系统安全稳定计算技术规范［S］.北京: 中国电力出版社， 2013.

Power Industry Standardization Technical Committee.DL/T 1234—2013 Technique specification of power system security and stability calculation［S］. Beijing：China Electric Power Press， 2013.

［7］徐政，黄弘扬，周煜智. 描述交直流并列系统电网结构品质的三种宏观指标［J］. 中国电机工程学报，2013，33（4）：1-8.

Xu Zheng， Huang Hongyang， Zhou Yuzhi. Three macroscopic indexes for describing the quality of AC/DC hybrid power grid structures［J］. Proceedings of the CSEE，2013，33（4）:1-8.

［8］中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 15945—2008电能质量：电力系统频率偏差［S］. 北京: 中国标准出版社， 2008.

China National Standardization Management Committee.GB/T 15945—2008Power quality： frequency deviation for power system［S］.Beijing:China Standards Press， 2008.

［9］徐泰山，薛禹胜. 暂态频率偏差可接受性的定量分析［J］. 电力系统自动化，2002，26（19）:7-10.

Xu Taishan， Xue Yusheng. Quantitative assessments of transient frequency deviation acceptability［J］.Automation of electric power systems，2002， 26（19）:7-10.

［10］中国电力企业联合会. 中国电力工业现状与展望［DB/OL］. http://www.cec.org.cn/yaowenkuaidi/2015-03-10/134972.html

China Electricity Council. Status and outlook of China power industry［DB/OL］.http://www.cec.org.cn/yaowenkuaidi/2015-03-10/134972.html.

［11］Mathur R M， Varma R K .基于晶闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置［M］. 徐政，译.北京：机械工业出版社，2005：302-303.

Mathur R M， Varma R K. Thyristor-based facts controllers for electrical transmission systems［M］. Beijing: China Machine Press， 2005: 302-303.

［12］De Oliveira S E M. Effect of excitation systems and of power system stabilisers on synchronous generator damping and synchronizingtorques［J］. IEE Proceedings C （Generation， Transmission and Distribution）， 1989， 136（5）:264-270.

［13］Kamwa I， Grondin R， Trudel G. IEEE PSS2B versus PSS4B: the limits of performance of modern power system stabilizers［J］. Power Systems， IEEE Transactions on， 2005， 20（2）: 903-915.

［14］吴跨宇，吴龙，卢岑岑，等. 一种改进型 PSS4B 电力系统稳定器的工程化应用研究［J］. 电力系统保护与控制， 2015， 43（14）: 113-119.

Wu Kuayu， Wu Long， Lu Cencen， et al. Engineering application of an improved PSS4B power system stabilizer［J］. Power System Protection and Control，2015， 43（14）: 113-119.

［15］Kosterev D N， Taylor C W， Mittelstadt W. Model validation for the August 10， 1996 WSCC system outage［J］. Power Systems， IEEE Transactions on， 1999， 14（3）: 967-979.

［16］刘国平. 基于Prony法的电力系统低频振荡分析与控制［D］.杭州：浙江大学，2004.

Liu Guoping. Analysis and control of low frequency electromechanical oscillations in power systems based on prony method［D］.Hangzhou：Zhejiang University， 2004.

［17］Breulmann H， Grebe E， Lsing M. Analysis and damping of inter-area oscillations in the UCTE/CENTREL power system//CIGRE Session 2000［C］. Paris， France， 2000.

［18］Anderson P M， Fouad A A. Power system stability and control［M］. The Iowa State University Press， 1977: 69-76.

［19］马大强. 电力系统机电暂态过程［M］. 北京：水利电力出版社， 1988: 216-220.

Ma Daqiang.Electromechnical transient of power systems［M］. Beijing: China Water & Power Press， 1988: 216-220.

[1]	肖友强, 林晓煌，文云峰. 直流和新能源高渗透型电网惯性水平多维度评估[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(5): 19-27.
[2]	熊雄1，孙庆凯1，井天军1，孙可2，王坤3. 基于多分段P/f特性曲线的独立微电网协调控制策略[J]. 电力建设, 2018, 39(4): 51-.
[3]	曾鉴，叶希，瞿小斌，金健可，文云峰，赵荣臻. 异步互联格局下川渝送端电网的频率稳定特性与控制策略 [J]. 电力建设, 2018, 39(1): 68-.
[4]	蒋容，张英敏，刘凯. 双馈风电机组抑制电力系统低频振荡的鲁棒控制策略[J]. 电力建设, 2017, 38(10): 41-.
[5]	朱显亮，张英敏，李兴源，褚正超，郭磊，王渝红. VSC-HVDC附加频率极点配置控制器设计[J]. 电力建设, 2016, 37(10): 86-.
[6]	李志晗，张英敏，李兴源，邓旗. 基于等效开环过程的VSC-HVDC阻尼控制器协调控制鲁棒稳定性研究[J]. 电力建设, 2016, 37(10): 93-.
[7]	王丽馨，蔡国伟，杨德友，孙正龙. 基于起振波形数据与相干谱的低频振荡类型识别方法[J]. 电力建设, 2016, 37(10): 108-.
[8]	刘皓明，姚霜晨，袁小慧，李强，吕振华. 含自备电厂的钢铁企业孤网频率稳定控制策略[J]. 电力建设, 2015, 36(12): 108-115.
[9]	胡仁祥常喜强. 地区电网孤网运行的高频控制分析[J]. 电力建设, 2011, 32(5): 7-10.