基于同步监测和深度学习的电容器介损角辨识

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2017.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电容器在线监测系统中，不同位置监测装置受导线电流的干扰不同，因此工程中使用谐波分析法计算介损角存在不稳定问题。该文提出了一种基于同步监测和深度学习的电容器介损角辨识方法。首先给出了电容器电流、电压信号无线同步监测方法，以及用于深度学习的介损角表示信号Dδ(t)的计算过程。然后仿真验证方法的有效性并与基于加汉宁窗的谐波分析法进行比较。最后对深度神经网络隐含层进行了可视化分析，结果显示，该方法的正确率主要受噪声、谐波幅值比、介损角变化量等影响，且在谐波幅值比小于10%的情况下，辨识结果受频率偏移、谐波与基波相角差的影响较小。

关键词: , , 深度学习, 介损角, 同步监测, 电容器

Abstract: In the capacitor online monitoring system,the disturbance of lines on different position monitoring device is different. Therefor, the use of harmonic analysis in the calculation of dielectric loss angle has instability problem in engineering. This paper proposes a capacitor dielectric loss angle identification algorithm based on the synchronous monitoring and deep learning. Firstly, we present the wireless synchronous monitoring method of capacitor current and voltage signal, and the computation process of dielectric loss angle identification signal Dδ(t) for deep learning. Then, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed method through simulation, and compare the results with the Hanning windowed harmonic analysis method. Finally, we analyze the visualization of deep neural networks hidden layer. The results show that the algorithm accuracy is affected by white-noise level, harmonic amplitude ratio and the variation level of dielectric loss angle. In situations when harmonic amplitude ratio less then 10%, the algorithm accuracy has been fewer affected by frequency deviation, phase difference of harmonics.

Key words: deep learning, dielectric loss angle, synchronous monitoring, capacitor

中图分类号:

TM 835.4

王晓辉，朱永利，郭丰娟. 基于同步监测和深度学习的电容器介损角辨识[J]. 电力建设, 2017, 38(5): 76-.

WANG Xiaohui, ZHU Yongli,GUO Fengjuan. Dielectric Loss Angle Identification of Capacitor Based on Synchronous Monitoring and Deep Learning[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(5): 76-.

参考文献

［1］董爽, 李天云, 王永,等. 在线检测介质损耗角的矩阵束方法［J］. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(18):229-236.

DONG Shuang, LI Tianyun, WANG Yong, et al. An on-line detection method of dielectric loss angle based on matrix pencil algorithm［J］. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(18):229-236.．

［2］ WANG P， RAGHUVEER M R， MCDERMID W， et al． A digital technique forthe online measurement of dissipation factor and capacitance［J］． IEEE Transactions on Dielectric Electrical Insulation， 2001， 8(2)： 228-232．

［3］尚勇, 杨敏中, 王晓蓉,等. 谐波分析法介质损耗因数测量的误差分析［J］. 电工技术学报, 2002, 17(3):67-71.

SHANG Yong, YANG Minzhong, WANG Xiaorong, et al. Error analysis for the dielectric loss factor measurement based on harmonic analysis［J］. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2002, 17(3):67-71.

［4］刘伟,黄新波，章云. 电容型高压设备介损在线监测系统的现场采集单元设计［J］. 计算机测量与控制，2010,18(1)：233-242.

LIU Wei, HUANG Xinbo, ZHANG Yun. Design of field sampling unit of an on-line monitoring system of dielectric loss in capacitive high-voltage apparatus［J］. Computer Measurement & Control,2010,18(1)：233-242.

［5］陈晓宇, 郑建勇, 梅军. 基于LC振荡频率变化量的电容器组早期故障在线智能预警方法及其实现［J］. 电力系统保护与控制, 2015, 43(5):144-149.

CHEN Xiaoyu, ZHENG Jianyong, MEI Jun. Power capacitor banks failure warning method based online intelligence LC oscillation frequency variation and its implementation［J］. Power System Protection & Control, 2015, 43(5):144-149.

［6］徐志钮, 律方成, 李和明. 采样时间和采样频率对基于加窗插值算法介损角测量的影响［J］. 华北电力大学学报（自然科学版）, 2007, 34(4):7-10.

XU Zhiniu, LV Fangcheng, LI Heming. Influence of sampling time and sampling frequency on dielectric loss angle measurement based on windowed interpolation algorithm［J］. Journal of North China Electric Power University（Natural Science Edition), 2007, 34(4)7-10.

［7］谢华, 张会平. 电压互感器角差对介损在线监测的影响分析［J］. 高电压技术, 2003, 29(5):26-28.

XIE Hua, ZHANG Huiping. The influence of angle error of cvt on on-line tanδ monitoring［J］. High Voltage Engineering, 2003, 29(5):26-28.

［8］李振华, 李红斌, 张秋雁,等. 一种高压电子式电流互感器在线校验系统［J］. 电工技术学报, 2014, 29(7):229-236.

LI Zhenhua, LI Hongbin, ZHANG Qiuyan, et al. An online calibration system for high voltage electronic current transformers［J］. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(7):229-236.

［9］蔡国雄，甄为红，杨晓洪，等．测量介质损耗的数字化过零点电压比较法［J］．电网技术， 2002，27(7)：15-18．

CAI Guoxiong, ZHEN Weihong, YANG Xiaohong, et al. A digitized zero cross point voltage method of comparison for measurement of dielectric losses［J］. Power System Technology, 2002, 26(7):15-18.

［10］袁飞, 杨震男, 卢毅. 一种基于相对比较法测量容性设备介质损耗的滤波算法［J］. 电力系统保护与控制, 2015, 43(19):95-100.

YUAN Fei, YANG Zhennan, LU Yi. A filtering algorithm for measuring capacitive device dielectric loss based on relative comparison method［J］. Power System Protection & Control, 2015, 43(19):95-100.

［11］王楠，律方成，梁英，等．基于高精度 DFT 的介损数字测量方法［J］．高电压技术，2003， 29(4)：3-8.

WANG Nan, LV Fangcheng, LIANG Ying, et al. Digital measurement of dielectric loss based on high accuracy DFT algorithm［J］. High Voltage Engineering, 2003, 29(4)：3-8.

［12］王徽乐，李福祺，谈克雄．测量介质损耗角的高阶正弦拟合算法［J］. 清华大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，41(9)：5-8.

WANG Weile, LI Fuqi, TAN Kexiong. Higher-order sine fitting algorithm for dielectric loss measurement［J］. Journal of Tsinghua University（Science ＆ Technology）, 2001,41(9)：5-8.

［13］陈楷，胡志坚，王卉，等．介损角的非同步采样算法及其应用［J］．电网技术，2004，28(18)：58-61.

CHEN Kai, HU Zhijian, WANG Hui, et al. Algorithm and application of dielectric loss angle based on asynchronous sampling［J］. Power System Technology, 2004, 28(18):58-61.

［14］冯小华，张承学．修正的谐波分析法可提高介损在线测量准确度［J］．高电压技术，2004，30(8)：36-37．

FENG Xiaohua, ZHANG Chengxue. Modified harmonics analysis approach for increasing precision in on-line measuring tanδ［J］. High Voltage Engineering, 2004，30(8)：36-37.

［15］ LI Q，ZHAO T，SIEW W H．Definition and digital algorithms ofdielectric loss factor for condition monitoring of high-voltage powerequipment with harmonics emphasis［J］． IEEE Proceedings on Generation，Transmission and Distribution，2005，152(3)：309-312．

［16］张忠蕾，李庆民，陈鹏．谐波条件下高压电气设备介质损耗因数的定义和数字化算法［J］．高压电器，2004，40(5)：327-332．

ZHANG Zhonglei, LI Qingmin, CHEN Peng. Definition and digital algorithms for dielectric loss factor of high voltage power apparatus under harmonics condition［J］. High Voltage Apparatus, 2004,40(5)：327-332.

［17］张介秋, 梁昌洪, 韩峰岩,等. 介质损耗因数的卷积窗加权算法［J］. 电工技术学报, 2005, 20(3):100-104.

ZHANG Jieqiu, LIANG Changhong, HAN Fengyan, et al. Convolution window weighted algorithm for dielectric loss factor［J］. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2005,20(3):100-104.

［18］徐志钮, 律方成, 赵丽娟. 基于加汉宁窗插值的谐波分析法用于介损角测量的分析［J］. 电力系统自动化, 2006, 30(2):81-85.

XU Zhiniu,LV Fangcheng， ZHAO Lijuan. Analysis of dielectric loss angle measurement by hanning windowing interpolation algorithm based on FFT［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2006, 30(2):81-85.

［19］段大鹏,江秀臣, 孙才新, 等．基于正交分解的介质损耗因数数字测量算法［J］．中国电机工程学报, 2008, 28(7): 127-133.

DUAN Dapeng, JIANG Xiuchen, SUN Caixin, et al. A novel algorithm of dielectric loss measurement based on orthogonal decomposition［J］. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2008, 28(7): 127-133..

［20］温和, 滕召胜, 王一,等. 基于三角自卷积窗的介损角高精度测量算法［J］. 电工技术学报, 2009, 24(3):203-208.

WEN He, TENG Zhaosheng, WANG Yi, et al. High accuracy dielectric loss angle measurement algorithm based on triangular self-convolution window［J］. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2009, 24(3):203-208.

［21］李天云, 祝磊, 康玉芳,等. 基于总体最小二乘-旋转矢量不变技术的介损角测量算法［J］. 电网技术, 2009, 33(18):171-175.

LI Tianyun, ZHU Lei, KANG Yufang, et al. Dielectric loss angle measurement algorithm based on TLS-ESPRIT［J］. Power System Technology, 2009, 33(18):171-175.

［22］曾博, 唐求, 卿柏元,等. 基于Nuttall自卷积窗的改进FFT谱分析方法［J］. 电工技术学报, 2014, 29(7):59-65.

ZENG Bo, TANG Qiu, QING Baiyuan, et al. Spectral analysis method based on improved FFT by nuttall self-convolution window［J］. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(7):59-65.

［23］黄冬梅, 龚仁喜, 焦凤昌,等. 莱夫－文森特窗三谱线插值的电力谐波分析［J］. 电力系统保护与控制, 2014,42(2):28-34.

HUANG Dongmei, GONG Renxi, JIAO Fengchang, et al. Power harmonic analysis based on Rife-Vincent window and triple-spectral-line interpolation［J］. Power System Protection & Control, 2014, 42(2):28-34.

［24］余凯, 贾磊, 陈雨强,等. 深度学习的昨天、今天和明天［J］. 计算机研究与发展, 2013, 50(9):1799-1804.

YU Kai, JIA Lei, CHEN Yuqiang, et al. Deep learning:Yesterday,today,and tomorrow［J］. Journal of Computer Research & Development, 2013, 50(9):1799-1804.

［25］孙志军, 薛磊, 许阳明,等. 深度学习研究综述［J］. 计算机应用研究, 2012, 29(8):2806-2810.

SUN Zhijun, XUE Lei, XU Yangming, et al. Overview of deep learning［J］. Application Research of Computers, 2012， 29(8):2806-2810.

［26］胡洋. 基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法的RBM学习算法改进［D］. 上海：上海交通大学, 2012.

HU Yang . Markov chain monte carlo based improvements to the learning algorithm of restricted boltzmann machines［D］.Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2012.

［27］ CHEN Y, ZHAO X, JIA X. Spectral–spatial classification of hyperspectral data based on deep belief network［J］. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations & Remote Sensing, 2015, 8(6):1-12.

［28］李岳云, 许悦雷, 马时平,等. 深度卷积神经网络的显著性检测［J］. 中国图象图形学报, 2016, 21(1):53-59.

LI Yueyun, XU Yuelei, MA Shiping, et al. Saliency detection based on deep convolutional neural network［J］. Journal of Image & Graphics, 2016, 21(1):53-59.

［29］林颖, 郭志红, 陈玉峰. 基于卷积递归网络的电流互感器红外故障图像诊断［J］. 电力系统保护与控制, 2015，43(16):87-94.

LIN Ying, GUO Zhihong, CHEN Yufeng. Convolutional-recursive network based current transformer infrared fault image diagnosis［J］. Power System Protection & Control, 2015，43(16):87-94.

[1]	唐子卓, 刘洋, 许立雄, 郭久亿. 基于负荷数据频域特征和LSTM网络的类别不平衡负荷典型用电模式提取方法[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(8): 17-24.
[2]	汤吉鸿, 章德, 丛凡超, 田国梁, 吴贵烘, 李宇骏, 禹海峰. 基于线性二次型最优控制的多端直流最优功率调制方案[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(8): 32-39.
[3]	赵洱岽, 王浩, 林弘杨. 现货市场中基于演化博弈的火电企业阶梯报价策略[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(8): 68-71.
[4]	宋建，束洪春，董俊，梁雨婷，李雨龙，杨博. 基于GM(1，1)与BP神经网络的综合负荷预测[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(5): 75-80.
[5]	祁兵，叶欣，李彬，陈宋宋，李源非，石坤. 考虑IEC标准的用户侧电力物联网体系架构研究[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(5): 92-99.
[6]	钟永洁，谢东亮，孙永辉，翟苏巍，常福刚，张明理. 考虑能源子系统与储能的综合能源系统优化分析[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(8): 59-68.
[7]	陈倩，齐林海，王红. 基于LSTM网络的谐波多标签分类[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(7): 101-106.
[8]	肖泽青，华昊辰，曹军威. 人工智能在能源互联网中的应用综述[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(5): 63-70.
[9]	杨懿男，齐林海，王红，苏林萍. 基于生成对抗网络的小样本数据生成技术研究[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(5): 71-77.
[10]	杨军，林洋佳，陈杰军，李逸欣，詹祥澎. 未来城市共享电动汽车发展模式[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(4): 49-59.
[11]	江帆，杨洪耕. 基于选择性贝叶斯分类的非侵入式负荷识别方法[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(2): 94-.
[12]	刘中原，王维庆，王海云，袁成玉，王亮，李永钦，丁文彬. 基于VSG技术的VSC-HVDC输电系统受端换流器控制策略[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(2): 100-.
[13]	林伟芳，易俊，贾俊川，王安斯，余芳芳，方诗卉. 故障后半波长输电线路的稳态过电压控制措施[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(2): 109-.
[14]	崔树银，陆奕，常啸. 考虑信用评分机制的电力碳排放交易区块链模型[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(1): 104-111.
[15]	黄裕春，王宏，王珂，文福拴. 考虑电动汽车充电设施接入的居民配电系统供电容量最优规划[J]. 电力建设, 2018, 39(6): 1-.