从我国的能源结构和CO2排放及气候变化的现实出发，分析了我国燃煤火电技术的发展方向，即在不可能短期内改变我国能源和电源结构的情况下，我国火电应当怎样应对减排CO2的压力和挑战。虽然现在正在开发的碳捕获和封存技术（carbon capture and storage，CCS）有可能达到CO2接近零排放，但在CCS技术能够得到大规模推广应用之前的一个相当长的时期，目前最可行、经济、可靠的燃煤机组CO2减排的途径是坚持“上大压小”政策大力发展大容量高效率超临界/超超临界机组，通过技术创新提高现有火电厂效率，提高现有600 ℃超超临界机组的净效率，开发先进的37.5 MPa/700 ℃/720 ℃/720 ℃双再热机组，将1 000~1 500 MW超超临界机组净效率提高至53%以上。

In this paper, the development direction of coal-fired thermal power generation technology based on the energy structure in China is analyzed. Though carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology can nearly reach to zero emission of CO2, it is not the most economical way at present and still under research and development, requiring a rather long period for extensive use in coal-fired power plants. Therefore, there are many reasonable, economical and reliable ways for further reducing CO2 emissions in coal fired power plants, including greatly developing the supercritical/ultra-supercritical units, enhancing the thermal efficiency by technology innovation, improving the net efficiency of present ultra-supercritical (USC) units with 600 ℃ steam parameters, and developing advanced double-reheat units for reaching to higher than 53% of net efficiency in 1 000~1 500 MW USC units.