随着电力变压器在线监测智能系统的发展，局部放电的检测在类型识别、强度计算、精确定位方面需要可靠的研究结论。从变压器内部局部放电的机制出发，将各种放电总结为5种类型，并按照气体介质和绝缘油介质建立了2组试验模型，使用高压试验室专用试验电路，以脉冲检测仪标定电荷量，根据频谱仪、示波器和三维谱图显示结果的对比，研究各种局部放电的特征。根据试验结果，发现沿面放电具有最大的破坏性，各种类型的放电都有相应的特征，可用于现场放电类型识别，为放电精确定位提供了参考。

Along with the development of online monitoring intelligent system on power transformer, the reliable research conclusions on type identification, strength calculation and accurate positioning were urgently needed for the measurement of partial discharge. In this paper, all the partial discharge were classified into 5 patterns based on the principle of partial discharge in transformer. Two group of testing model were built using air and transformer oil separately as the insulating materials respectively. The characteristics of different partial discharge were studied by specified test circuit in high voltage laboratory, through the comparison of data from spectrum analyzer, oscilloscope and 3-D spectrogram. The test results show that the discharge along surface has the most destructive and every kinds of discharge has different characteristics, which can be used for pattern identification and provide references for the discharge accurate position.