面向我国电力市场的需求响应市场化交易机制设计

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.04.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着我国2060年“碳中和”发展目标的提出,我国可再生能源装机容量和装机比例都将快速增长。由于可再生能源的随机性和反调峰特性,电力系统调峰能力不足等问题日益突出,系统安全稳定运行面临极大挑战。需求响应作为灵活性调节资源,其发展有利于提升电力系统运行的安全性和灵活性。当前,我国已在多省开展了各具特色的需求响应试点,随着我国电力市场建设的快速推进,建立需求响应市场化交易机制,实现需求响应与我国电力市场的有机衔接迫在眉睫。文章以需求响应国际发展经验为基础,深入分析了我国需求响应发展现状及面临的挑战,结合我国电力市场建设路径,设计了面向我国电力市场的需求响应市场化交易机制,为我国需求响应发展提供了可行思路。

关键词: 需求响应, 电力市场, 交易机制, 发展路径

Abstract:

With the proposal of achieving carbon neutral in 2060, the installed capacity and proportion of renewable energy power units in China is expecting to grow rapidly. However, due to the randomness and reverse peak-shaving characteristic of renewable energy, the reliability of power system operation faces great challenge. As a vital flexible adjusting resource, the development of demand response is conducive to improve the safety and flexibility of power system operation. Currently, many provinces have carried out various distinctive demand-response pilot projects. With the rapid development of China's power market, it is extremely urgent to realize the connection between demand response and China's power market and to establish a market-based mechanism for demand response. According to the worldwide development experience of demand response, this paper deeply analyzes the development status and challenges of demand response in China, and designs a market mechanism of demand response in combination with the construction path of China power market, which provides feasible ideas for the future development of demand response in China.

Key words: demand response, electricity market, market trading mechanism, development path

中图分类号:

TM73

张高, 薛松, 范孟华, 张寒. 面向我国电力市场的需求响应市场化交易机制设计[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(4): 132-140.

ZHANG Gao, XUE Song, FAN Menghua, ZHANG Han. Design of Demand-Response Market Mechanism in Accordance with China Power Market[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2021, 42(4): 132-140.

图/表 7

表1 美国政府支持需求响应发展的相关政策

Table 1 Policy support by US government for DR

表2 典型省份需求响应开展案例

Table 2 Application cases of DR in some provinces

图1 国-省两级协调的需求响应发展政策体系

Fig.1 Development policy system for demand response at state and province levels

图2 我国需求响应市场化交易机制设计

Fig.2 Design of demand-response market-based trading mechanism of China

图3 约定型“削峰填谷”需求响应交易机制

Fig.3 Trading mechanism for demand response in participating peak shaving and valley filling

图4 需求响应参与调峰辅助服务交易机制设计

Fig.4 Trading mechanism for demand response in participating peak-shaving ancillary service

图5 需求响应参与现货交易机制设计

Fig.5 Trading mechanism for demand response in participating spot market

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