园区综合能源系统通过多能耦合互补和协同优化调度，可以显著提高能源利用率和促进可再生能源消纳，已成为用户侧满足多能供需的一种新的能源利用实现方式。以河北雄安新区某园区作为研究对象，设计了一种计及负荷供给可靠性的园区综合能源系统两阶段优化方法：第一阶段基于带有精英保留策略的二代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)，对园区能源站设备类型及容量进行优化，是一个多目标规划优化问题，其目的是实现经济成本和环境成本的协调优化；第二阶段是一个运行优化问题，针对上一阶段规划得到的多组帕累托前沿解，利用混合整数线性规划(mixed integer linear programming，MILP)分别优化求解各规划方案对应运行成本及负荷供给可靠性指标，结果作为确定系统最佳规划方案的重要参考。算例表明，所设计规划方法可以有效降低系统运行成本和保障负荷供给可靠性，对指导园区综合能源系统规划更具实用性。

The community integrated energy system (CIES) can significantly improve energy utilization and promote the consumption of renewable energy through multi-energy coupling complementary and collaborative optimization scheduling. It has become a new energy utilization realization approach for users to meet multi-energy supply and demand. Taking a community in Xiong’an New District, Hebei province as the research object, this paper designed a two-stage optimization approach for the CIES that takes into account the reliability of load supply. The first stage is based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II) with elite preservation strategy to optimize the equipment type and capacity of the community energy station. It is a multi-objective planning optimization problem, and its purpose is to achieve the coordinated optimization of economic costs and environmental costs. The second stage is an operation optimization problem. As for the multiple Pareto frontier solutions obtained in the previous planning stage, the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) was used to separately optimize the operation cost and load supply reliability indicators of each planning scheme, and the result is used as an important reference for determining the best planning scheme. Case studies show that the designed planning approach can effectively reduce the system operating cost and guarantee the reliability of load supply, and it is more practical for instructing the CIES planning.

为了进一步降低综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)碳排放量,提升其能源利用率,提出了一种在阶梯式碳交易机制下考虑需求响应(demand response,DR)的IES优化调度策略。首先从需求响应角度出发,考虑到多种能源之间具备协同互补与灵活转换的能力,引入电-气-热的横向时移与纵向互补替代策略并构建DR模型;其次从全生命周期评估的角度出发,阐述碳排放权初始配额模型,并对其加以修正,然后引入阶梯式碳交易机制,对IES的碳排放进行约束;最后以能源购买成本、碳排放交易成本、设备维护成本、需求响应成本之和最小化为目标,并考虑安全约束构建低碳优化调度模型。利用Matlab软件将原问题转化为混合整数线性问题,并使用CPLEX求解器对模型进行优化求解。算例结果表明,在阶梯式碳交易机制下考虑碳交易成本和需求响应,可以使IES的运行总成本下降5.69%,碳排放量降低17.06%,显著提高了IES的可靠性、经济性和低碳性。

To further reduce the carbon emissions of integrated energy systems (IES) and improve their energy utilization, an IES optimization scheduling strategy considering demand response (DR) under a stepped carbon trading mechanism was proposed. First, from the perspective of demand response (DR), considering the synergistic complementarity and flexible conversion ability of multiple energy sources, lateral time-shifting and vertical complementary alternative strategies for electricity, gas, and heat were introduced, and a DR model was constructed. Second, from the perspective of life-cycle assessment, the initial quota model of carbon emissions allowances was elaborated and revised. Subsequently, we introduced a tiered carbon trading mechanism that imposes a certain degree of constraint on the carbon emissions of IES. Finally, the sum of the energy purchase, carbon emission transaction, equipment maintenance, and demand response costs was minimized, and a low-carbon optimal scheduling model was constructed considering the safety constraints. This model transforms the original problem into a mixed-integer linear problem using Matlab software and optimizes the model using the CPLEX solver. The example results show that considering the carbon trading cost and demand response under the tiered carbon trading mechanism, the total operating cost of the IES is reduced by 5.69%, and the carbon emissions are reduced by 17.06%, which significantly improves the reliability, economy, and low-carbon performance of the IES.

“30·60”双碳背景下,将现有绿色证书交易、碳交易和需求响应机制实现联动,更能反映可再生能源低碳属性,实现系统低碳经济性。该文提出考虑绿证-碳联合交易与需求响应综合能源系统经济运行策略。首先,引入绿色证书交易和碳交易机制,通过绿色证书碳减排机理,联动绿色证书交易与碳交易;其次,引入需求响应机制,优化用户用能行为,促进可再生能源消纳,提高绿色证书和碳交易收益;最后,提出以购能成本、绿色证书交易成本、碳交易成本和需求响应补偿成本之和最小为目标的经济运行策略。算例结果证明：在综合能源系统中引入绿色证书交易、碳交易和需求响应机制具有优越的低碳经济性。

Under the“30·60”dual carbon background, the existing green certificate trading, carbon trading and demand response mechanisms will be linked, which can better reflect the low-carbon attributes of renewable energy and achieve low-carbon economy of the system. This paper constructs an economic operation strategy for an integrated energy system considering green certificate-carbon joint trading and demand response. Firstly, the green certificate trading and carbon trading mechanism is introduced, through the green certificate carbon emission reduction mechanism, the green certificate trading and carbon trading are linked; then the demand response mechanism is introduced to optimize the user's energy consumption behavior, promote the consumption of renewable energy, and improve the profitability of green certificate and carbon trading. Finally, an economic operation strategy aiming at minimizing the sum of energy purchase cost, green certificate transaction cost, carbon transaction cost and demand response compensation cost is proposed. The calculation example results prove that the introduction of green certificate trading, carbon trading and demand response mechanisms in the integrated energy system has superior low-carbon economy.

碳达峰、碳中和对可再生能源提出了更迫切的发展要求。为缓解电网调峰压力的同时降低碳排放，提出了一种基于绿证碳交易机制的风火蓄联合调峰控制策略。该策略为分层控制，上层模型为保证抽蓄电站的削峰填谷效果和收益，以净负荷峰谷差最小和抽蓄收益最大为目标；下层模型以系统总运行成本最低为目标，并引入了划分区间的阶梯式碳交易机制和量化罚款幅度的绿色证书交易机制，旨在保证系统经济性的同时满足低碳性。仿真结果表明，所提出的绿证碳交易机制控制策略可减少火电机组出力1.69%，降低系统总运行成本4.09%，验证了策略在低碳经济发展方面的作用。

Peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality require urgent renewable energy development. This paper proposes a peak regulation control strategy for wind-thermal-storage combined with the green certificate-carbon trading mechanism to ease peak shaving pressure and reduce carbon emissions. The strategy employs a hierarchical control approach. First， the upper model aims to optimize the peak-valley difference of the net load and maximize the revenue from pumping and storage power stations， ensuring their peak-shaving， valley-filling effect， and revenue. Second， the lower model aims at the lowest total operating cost of the system and incorporates a carbon trading mechanism with segmented boundaries and a green certificate mechanism with quantified fines to ensure the economy of the system while meeting the low carbon requirements. Through simulation analysis， the proposed green certificate-carbon trading mechanism control strategy can reduce the output of thermal power units by 1.69% and the total operating cost of the system by 4.09%， verifying the role of the strategy in developing a low-carbon economy.

为了促进新能源的消纳,研究分布式电氢耦合系统的多时间尺度运行优化非常有必要。首先,从不确定性与响应特性2个维度分析了电能、氢能、热能系统的特性;然后构建了日前-日内-实时的多时间尺度运行优化模型;接着采用深度强化学习对优化模型进行求解;最后,以某一区域的分布式电氢耦合系统为例进行算例分析,算例结果不仅验证了深度强化学习的有效性,同时验证了电氢耦合系统在新能源消纳方面的效果。

To promote the absorption of new energy, investigating multi-time-scale operational optimization of distributed electro-hydrogen coupling systems is essential. First, the characteristics of electric, hydrogen, and thermal energy systems are analyzed in terms of uncertainty and response characteristics. A multi-time-scale operational optimization model of day-ahead, day-in, and real-time is then constructed. Deep reinforcement learning is then used to solve the optimization model. Finally, an example of a distributed electro-hydrogen coupling system in a region is analyzed. The results of the example verify not only the effectiveness of deep reinforcement learning but also the effects of the electro-hydrogen coupling system on new energy consumption.