Abstract:

To further reduce the carbon emissions of integrated energy systems (IES) and improve their energy utilization, an IES optimization scheduling strategy considering demand response (DR) under a stepped carbon trading mechanism was proposed. First, from the perspective of demand response (DR), considering the synergistic complementarity and flexible conversion ability of multiple energy sources, lateral time-shifting and vertical complementary alternative strategies for electricity, gas, and heat were introduced, and a DR model was constructed. Second, from the perspective of life-cycle assessment, the initial quota model of carbon emissions allowances was elaborated and revised. Subsequently, we introduced a tiered carbon trading mechanism that imposes a certain degree of constraint on the carbon emissions of IES. Finally, the sum of the energy purchase, carbon emission transaction, equipment maintenance, and demand response costs was minimized, and a low-carbon optimal scheduling model was constructed considering the safety constraints. This model transforms the original problem into a mixed-integer linear problem using Matlab software and optimizes the model using the CPLEX solver. The example results show that considering the carbon trading cost and demand response under the tiered carbon trading mechanism, the total operating cost of the IES is reduced by 5.69%, and the carbon emissions are reduced by 17.06%, which significantly improves the reliability, economy, and low-carbon performance of the IES.

Key words: tiered carbon trading, integrated energy systems, demand response, transverse time-shifting and longitudinal complementary substitution, low-carbon optimization