电动汽车聚合商参与下的主辅联合市场均衡分析

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深度挖掘市场化背景下典型灵活性资源——电动汽车聚合商的能力与价值,是实现未来电网高效运行与电动汽车行业快速发展的重要支撑。文章以电动汽车聚合商为对象,通过主辅联合市场模拟分析,对其市场运营能力进行探索。首先,建立了电动汽车聚合商参与下的电能量市场和调频辅助服务市场交易框架,对电动汽车聚合商参与市场方式及各市场主体的成本进行分析。接着,基于寡头竞争的博弈均衡理论,建立了电动汽车聚合商参与下的能量和调频市场多时段均衡模型。最后,应用非线性互补方法对均衡模型进行求解,并通过典型案例分析对所提模型的合理性和有效性进行校验。结果表明,电动汽车聚合商参与主辅市场竞争后,对负荷及有功电价均有“削峰填谷”的作用;系统上、下调频容量电价均有所下降,且下调频容量电价下降更为明显;系统调频服务购买成本有所降低,且整日用户利润和社会福利均将增加。文章可为未来市场规划及电动汽车聚合商运营提供参考。

关键词: 电动汽车聚合商, 现货市场, 调频辅助市场, 均衡分析

Abstract:

The electric vehicle (EV) group can charge and discharge orderly under the control of the electric vehicle aggregator and use the remaining capacity to participate in the auxiliary service market. Firstly, the trading framework of electric energy market and frequency-regulation market under the participation of EV aggregators is established, and the market mode of EV aggregators and the cost of each market subject are analyzed. Then, according to the game equilibrium theory of oligarch competition, a multi-period equilibrium model of energy and frequency-regulation market is established. Finally, the nonlinear complementary method is applied to solve the equilibrium model. The example analysis verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the model, and shows that the electric vehicle aggregator has the effect of ‘peak load cutting and valley filling’ on the load and active-power price after participating in the main and auxiliary market competition; the up and down frequency-regulation capacity price of the system has been reduced, and the reduced of down frequency-regulation capacity price is more obvious; the purchase cost of the system’s frequency-regulation service has been reduced, and the user’s profit and social welfare will be increased throughout the day. It can provide reference for the future market planning and the operation of electric vehicle aggregator.

Key words: electric vehicle aggregator, spot market, frequency-regulation auxiliary market, equilibrium analysis

中图分类号:

TM73

魏震波, 田轲, 罗筱均, 方涛. 电动汽车聚合商参与下的主辅联合市场均衡分析[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(2): 50-57.

WEI Zhenbo, TIAN Ke, LUO Xiaojun, FANG Tao. Analysis on Equilibrium of the Main and Auxiliary Joint Markets Considering the Aggregators of Electric Vehicles[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2021, 42(2): 50-57.

图/表 12

图1 EV聚合商参与下的市场框架

Fig.1 Market framework with the participation of EV aggregators

图2 均衡模型求解流程

Fig.2 Flow chart of equilibrium model solution

表1 传统发电商的参数

Table 1 Parameters of the generators

表2 各时段需求函数参数αt

Table 2 Demand function parameter at each time period

图3 不同情况下的电能量市场均衡价格

Fig.3 Equilibrium price of electric energy market in different situations

图4 不同情况下的调频市场均衡价格

Fig.4 Equilibrium price of frequency-regulation market in different situations

图5 发电商和电动汽车聚合商均衡出力

Fig.5 Equilibrium output of generators and EVA

图6 发电商和电动汽车聚合商上调频容量

Fig.6 Up frequency-regulation capacity of generators and EVA

图7 发电商和电动汽车聚合商下调频容量

Fig.7 Down frequency-regulation capacity of generators and EVA

表3 市场成员利润及社会福利结果美元

Table 3 Market participants'profits and social welfares

图8 EVA套利充电量及调频中标容量随电池老化成本变化

Fig.8 Change of EVA arbitrage charging capacity and frequency-regulation bid winning capacity with battery aging cost

图9 社会福利随电动汽车群容量的变化

Fig.9 Change of social welfare with the capacity of EV group

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