充换电站模式下电动汽车参与物流配送的电能补给方式规划

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.06.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 摘要：考虑充换电站（battery charging and swapping station, BCSS）同时提供充、换电2种电能补给方式的运营模式，相比仅在充电站或换电站模式下，电动汽车（electric vehicle, EV）参与物流配送的电能补给方式规划可能获得更低的物流配送成本。在满足EV配送途中的行驶约束和回到配送中心的慢速充放电约束的前提下，以EV配送路径、充换电模式选择以及慢速充放电策略为决策变量，以EV参与物流配送的快速充电成本、换电成本、车辆损耗成本和慢速充放电成本之和最小为优化目标，构建了确定EV在BCSS模式下的电能补给方式的最优规划模型。最后，以33节点的物流配送系统为例进行数值仿真，分析了电动汽车在配送途中的电能补给方式对运输成本和慢速充放电成本的影响，以及电动汽车回到配送中心的慢速充放电策略对物流配送总成本的影响。

关键词:

Abstract: ABSTRACT： Considering the operation mode of battery charging and swapping stations （BCSSs） which can provide two kinds of power supply patterns simultaneously, i.e. the charging mode and swapping mode, the research on electric power supply strategy for an electric vehicles （EV） participating in logistics distribution is helpful to reduce the whole logistics cost. To accommodate the constraints of route selection, loading capacity, regular charging/discharging power, time and battery capacity, an optimal decision-making model is proposed for selecting EVs power supply modes in BCSSs by choosing the logistics distribution route, charging/swapping mode and regular charging/discharging strategy as decision variables, and minimizing the sum of fast charging costs, swapping costs, total degradation costs of the EV participating in logistics distribution as the objective. Comprehensive numerical simulations are conducted on a 33-node logistics distribution system, and the impacts of the power supply mode selection of EVs in the BCSSs are analyzed, and the characteristic of the proposed method demonstrated.

Key words: KEYWORDS： electric vehicle （EV）, charging and swapping station （BCSS）, logistics distribution, power supply pattern

中图分类号:

常巩, 邓友均, 杨洪明, 文福拴, 赖明勇. 充换电站模式下电动汽车参与物流配送的电能补给方式规划[J]. 电力建设, 2018, 39(6): 7-.

CHANG Gong, DENG Youjun, YANG Hongming, WEN Fushuan, LAI Mingyong. Power Supply Planning of Electric Vehicles Participating in Logistics Distribution Based on the Battery Charging and Swapping Mode

[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2018, 39(6): 7-.

参考文献

［1］刘卓然, 陈健, 林凯, 等. 国内外电动汽车发展现状与趋势［J］. 电力建设, 2015, 36（7）: 25-32.

LIU Zhuoran, CHEN Jian, LIN Kai, et al. Domestic and foreign present situation and the tendency of electric vehicles［J］. Electric Power Construction, 2015, 36（7）: 25-32.

［2］张晓波, 张保会, 董梁, 等. 微电网中电动汽车充电模式与换电模式的运行优化［J］. 电力系统自动化, 2016, 40（9）: 56-63.

ZHANG Xiaobo, ZHANG Baohui, DONG Liang, et al. Operation optimization of electric vehicles in battery swapping mode and direct charging mode in microgrid［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40（9）: 56-63.

［3］廖斌杰, 杨俊, 文福拴, 等. 电动出租车充电负荷的时空随机分布特性［J］. 电力建设, 2017, 38（1）: 8-16.

LIAO Binjie, YANG Jun, WEN Fushuan, et al. Temporal and spatial stochastic distribution characteristics of charging loads of electric taxis［J］. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38（1）: 8-16.

［4］代倩，段善旭，蔡涛，等. 电动汽车充换电站成本效益模型及敏感性分析［J］. 电力系统自动化，2014, 38（24）: 41-47.

DAI Qian, DUAN Shanxu, CAI Tao, et al. Cost-benefit model and its sensitivity analysis for battery charging and swapping station for electric vehicles［J］. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2014, 38（24）: 41-47.

［5］徐璐, 袁越. 基于电动汽车一体化电站的虚拟电厂智能调度［J］. 电力建设, 2015, 36（7）: 133-138.

XU Lu, YUAN Yue. Intelligent scheduling for virtual power plant based on electric vehicle integrated station［J］. Electric Power Construction, 2015, 36（7）: 133-138.

［6］刘坚. 电动汽车充电方式和商业运营模式初探［J］. 汽车工程师, 2011（1）: 19-23.

LIU Jian.A preliminary study on charging infrastructure development and business operation models［J］. Auto Engineer, 2011（1）: 19-23.

［7］2016-2020年中国电动汽车充换电站市场深度调研及供需格局预测报告［R/OL］. ［2018-03-01］. http://www.chinabgao.com/report/1353262.html.

［8］中国物流与采购网．2012年全国重点企业物流统计调查报告［R/OL］. （2012-12-10）［2018-03-01］ .http://www.chinawuliu.com.cn/lhhkx/201212/10/200680.shtml.

［9］MARINAKIS Y, MARINAKI M, DOUNIAS Georgios. A hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm for the vehicle routing problem［J］.Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2010, 23（41）: 463-472.

［10］DAVID Pisinger, STEFAN Ropke. A general heuristic for vehicle routing problems［J］. Computers & Operations Research, 2007, 34（8）: 2403-2435.

［11］佟晶晶, 温俊强, 王丹, 等. 基于分时电价的电动汽车多目标优化充电策略［J］. 电力系统保护与控制, 2016, 44（1）: 17-23.

TONG Jingjing, WEN Junqiang, WANG Dan, et al.Multi-objective optimization charging strategy for plug-in electric vehicles based on time-of-use price［J］. Power System Protection and Control, 2016, 44（1）: 17-23.

［12］张立静, 娄素华, 陈艳霞, 等. 基于电池租赁模式的电动汽车换电站电池容量优化［J］. 电网技术, 2016, 40（6）:1730-1735.

ZHANG Lijing, LOU Suhua, CHENG Yanxia, et al.Battery capacity optimization of electric vehicle battery swapping station based on leasing mode［J］. Power System Technology, 2016, 40（6）: 1730-1735.

［13］刘文霞, 张蕾蕾, 刘宗歧, 等. 城市纯电动汽车发展模式论证方法［J］. 电力系统自动化, 2014, 38（24）: 34-40.

LIU Wenxia, ZHANG Leilei, LIU Zongqi, et al. A development pattern argumentation method for battery electric vehicles in cities［J］.Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2014, 38（24）: 34-40.

［14］YANG Hongming, YANG Songping, XU Yan, et al.Electric vehicle route optimization considering time-of-use electricity price by learnable partheno-genetic algorithm［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2015, 6（2）: 657-666.

［15］KESKIN M, CATAY B. Partial recharge strategies for the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows［J］. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2016, 65: 111-127.

［16］黄俊辉,周昊, 韩俊, 等. 考虑车网互动的配电网可靠性评估［J］. 电力建设, 2017, 38（2）: 77-83.

HUANG Junhui, ZHOU Hao, HAN Jun, et al. Distribution network reliability assessment considering V2G［J］. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38（2）: 77-83.

［17］SVEN L. Integrating SQP and branch-and-bound for mixed integer nonlinear programming［J］. Computational Optimization and Applications, 2001, 18（3）: 295-309.

［18］IROK Jan, IMANDL Miroslav, AXEHILL Damiel, et al. An optimization approach to resolve the competing aims of active fault detection and control［C］//50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference. Orlando, USA: IEEE, 2011: 3712-3717.

［19］SYMPHONY.VRP测试数据库［EB/OL］．［2018-03-01］. http://www.coin-or.org/SYMPHONY/branchandcut/VRP/data/.

［20］WIKIPEDIA. Performance characteristics of the Chery E8［EB/OL］. ［2018-03-01］. https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Chery_E8.

[1]	汤吉鸿, 章德, 丛凡超, 田国梁, 吴贵烘, 李宇骏, 禹海峰. 基于线性二次型最优控制的多端直流最优功率调制方案[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(8): 32-39.
[2]	赵洱岽, 王浩, 林弘杨. 现货市场中基于演化博弈的火电企业阶梯报价策略[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(8): 68-71.
[3]	宋建，束洪春，董俊，梁雨婷，李雨龙，杨博. 基于GM(1，1)与BP神经网络的综合负荷预测[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(5): 75-80.
[4]	祁兵，叶欣，李彬，陈宋宋，李源非，石坤. 考虑IEC标准的用户侧电力物联网体系架构研究[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(5): 92-99.
[5]	钟永洁，谢东亮，孙永辉，翟苏巍，常福刚，张明理. 考虑能源子系统与储能的综合能源系统优化分析[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(8): 59-68.
[6]	杨军，林洋佳，陈杰军，李逸欣，詹祥澎. 未来城市共享电动汽车发展模式[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(4): 49-59.
[7]	江帆，杨洪耕. 基于选择性贝叶斯分类的非侵入式负荷识别方法[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(2): 94-.
[8]	刘中原，王维庆，王海云，袁成玉，王亮，李永钦，丁文彬. 基于VSG技术的VSC-HVDC输电系统受端换流器控制策略[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(2): 100-.
[9]	林伟芳，易俊，贾俊川，王安斯，余芳芳，方诗卉. 故障后半波长输电线路的稳态过电压控制措施[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(2): 109-.
[10]	崔树银，陆奕，常啸. 考虑信用评分机制的电力碳排放交易区块链模型[J]. 电力建设, 2019, 40(1): 104-111.
[11]	黄裕春，王宏，王珂，文福拴. 考虑电动汽车充电设施接入的居民配电系统供电容量最优规划[J]. 电力建设, 2018, 39(6): 1-.
[12]	刘洵源, 齐峰, 文福拴, 冯昌森, 王蕾，邹波，张西竹. 光伏不平衡接入的配电系统中电动汽车有序充电策略[J]. 电力建设, 2018, 39(6): 21-.
[13]	杨文涛, 王蕾, 邹波, 张西竹, 文福拴, 程敏 . 基于大数据服务平台的电动汽车有序充放电管理[J]. 电力建设, 2018, 39(6): 28-.
[14]	郑涛，张滋行. 基于半桥子模块的模块化多电平换流器内部故障诊断及对策[J]. 电力建设, 2018, 39(6): 42-.
[15]	孙丽敬，张海，刘瑛琳，罗国敏，吴鸣. 一种基于极性判别的环状直流配电网线路后备保护方法[J]. 电力建设, 2018, 39(6): 49-.