储能在电力系统中的作用与运营模式

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2016.08.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着可再生能源的快速发展及能源互联网的构建，储能在整个能源电力体系中的作用越来越重要，而储能技术的日趋成熟，已基本具备了推广应用条件。该文从电力系统的发展需求出发，分析了储能在电力系统调峰、调频、调压、电能质量治理、供电可靠性提高及多种应用综合等方面的作用；从发电侧、电网侧和用电侧等不同角度结合电价结构分析了储能的运营模式；并从储能应用技术、发展模式和市场机制等方面提出了储能应用的发展建议：（1）加大对基础材料和核心技术的支持力度，形成核心竞争力；（2）出台储能配套政策，形成储能应用市场的良性发展机制；（3）整合上下游产业和应用市场，推动储能技术快速发展；（4）鼓励多种储能技术竞争与多元化发展。

关键词: 储能, 电力系统, 盈利模式, 可再生能源, 能源互联网

Abstract: With the rapid development of renewable energy and the oncoming energy internet, the importance of energy storage in the whole energy power system is becoming more and more prominent. Energy storage technology, which is becoming more mature, basically has the promotion and application condition. According to the demands of power system, this paper analyzes the functions of energy storage in the peak-shaving, frequency regulation, voltage regulation of power system, power quality and reliability improvement, and their integration. Then, this paper analyzes the marketing modes of energy storage system based on different electricity price structures from generation, utility grid and demand side respectively. Finally, this paper proposes some suggestions on the development of energy storage from aspects of the application technology, development mode and market mechanism: （1） it should strengthen the support for the base material and the core technology to form the core competitiveness; （2） it should establish the energy storage supporting policies and form the favorable development mechanism for the application market of energy storage; （3） the upstream and downstream industries and the application marker should be integrated to promote the rapid development of energy storage technology; （4） it should encourage the competition and diversified development of multiple energy storage technologies.

Key words: energy storage, power system, profit mode, renewable energy, energy internet

中图分类号:

TM 912

唐西胜. 储能在电力系统中的作用与运营模式[J]. 电力建设, 2016, 37(8): 2-7.

TANG Xisheng. Applications and Marketing Mode of Energy Storages in Power System[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2016, 37(8): 2-7.

参考文献

［1］迟永宁, 刘燕华, 王伟胜, 等. 风电接入对电力系统的影响［J］. 电网技术, 2007, 31（3）: 77-81. CHI Yongning, LIU Yanhua, WANG Weisheng, et al. Study on impact of wind power integration on power system［J］. Power System Technology, 2007, 31（3）: 77-81. ［2］ERIKSEN P B, ACKERMANN T, ABILDGAARD H, et al. System operation with high wind penetration［J］. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2005, 3（6）: 65–74．［3］丁明, 王伟胜, 王秀丽, 等. 大规模光伏发电对电力系统影响综述［J］. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34（1）: 1-14. DING Ming, WANG Weisheng, WANG Xiuli, et al. A review on the effect of large-scale PV generation on power systems［J］. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34（1）: 1-14. ［4］丁明, 徐宁舟, 毕锐. 用于平抑可再生能源功率波动的储能电站建模及评价［J］. 电力系统自动化, 2011, 35（2）: 66-72． DING Ming, XU Ningzhou, BI Rui. Modling of BESS for smoothing renewable energy output fluctuations［J］. Automation of Electric Power System, 2011, 35（2）: 66-72．［5］SHU Yinbiao. Grid integration of large-capacity renewable energy sources and use of large-capacity electrical energy storage［R/OL］.（2012-10-05）［2016-04-22］. http://www.standard.no/Global/externalSites/iec2012/Presentation%20Yinbiao%20Shu%20-%20Final.pdf. ［6］程时杰, 余文辉, 文劲宇, 等. 储能技术及其在电力系统稳定控制中的应用［J］. 电网技术, 2007, 31（20）: 97-108. CHENG Shijie, YU Wenhui, WEN Jinyu, et al. Energy storage and its application in power system stability enhancement［J］. Power System Technology, 2007, 31（20）: 97-108. ［7］唐文左, 梁文举, 崔荣, 等. 配电网中分布式储能系统的优化配置方法［J］. 电力建设, 2015, 36（4）: 38-45. TANG Wenzuo, LIANG Wenju, CUI Rong, et al. Optimal allocation method of distributed energy storage system in distribution network［J］. Electric Power Construction, 2015, 36（4）: 38-45. ［8］娄素华, 杨天蒙, 吴耀武, 等. 含高渗透率风电的电力系统复合储能协调优化运行［J］. 电力系统自动化, 2016, 40（7）: 30-35. LOU Suhua, YANG Tianmeng, WU Yaowu, et al. Coordinated optimal operation of hybrid energy storage in power system accommodated high penetration of wind power［J］. Automation of Electric Power System, 2016, 40（7）: 30-35. ［9］ALAM M J E, MUTTAQI K M, SUTANTO D. Mitigation of rooftop solar PV impacts and evening peak support by managing available capacity of distributed energy storage systems［J］. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2013, 28（4）: 3874-3884. ［10］YUSANG B, YANG B, ZENG P L, et al. Coordinated control method of distributed energy storage system for peak load shifting of distribution network［C］//2014 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution（CICED）. Shenzhen:IEEE, 2014, 23-26. ［11］严干贵, 冯晓东, 李军徽, 等. 用于松弛调峰瓶颈的储能系统容量配置方法［J］. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32（28）: 27-35. YAN Gangui, FENG Xiaodong, LI Junhui, et al. Optimization of energy storage system capacity for relaxing peak load regulation bottlenecks［J］. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32（28）: 27-35. ［12］尚瑨, 邰能灵, 刘琦,等. 采用区间控制的蓄电池储能电站调峰运行控制策略［J］. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30（16）: 221-229. SHANG Jin, TAI Nengling, LIU Qi, et al. Load shifting scheme of battery energy storage system based on interval controlling［J］. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30（16）: 221-229. ［13］李军徽, 朱星旭, 严干贵, 等. 抑制风电并网影响的储能系统调峰控制策略设计［J］. 中国电力, 2014, 47（7）: 91-95,100. LI Junhui, ZHU Xingxu, YAN Gangui, et al. Design of control strategies of energy storage for peak shaving to restrain wind power’ s influence on power grid［J］. Electric Power, 2014, 47（7）: 91-95,100. ［14］黄际元, 李欣然, 曹一家, 等. 面向电网调频应用的电池储能电源仿真模型［J］. 电力系统自动化, 2015, 39（18）: 20-24. HUANG Jiyuan, LI Xinran, CAO Yijia, et al. Battery energy storage power supply simulation model for power grid frequency regulation［J］.Automation of Electric Power System, 2015, 39（18）: 20-24. ［15］苏峰, 张贲, 史沛然, 等. 考虑调频绩效机制下储能在多市场中的最优投标策略研究［J］. 电力建设, 2016, 37（3）: 71-75. SU Feng, ZHANG Ben, SHI Peiran,et al. Optimal bidding strategy of energy storage in power market with performance-based regulation mechanism［J］. Electric Power Construction, 2016, 37（3）: 71-75. ［16］李建林, 杨水丽, 高凯. 大规模储能系统辅助常规机组调频技术分析［J］. 电力建设, 2015, 36（5）: 105-110. LI Jianlin, YANG Shuili, GAO Kai. Frequency modulation technology for conventional units assisted by large scale energy storage system［J］.Electric Power Construction, 2015, 36（5）: 105-110. ［17］苗福丰, 唐西胜, 齐智平. 风储联合调频下的电力系统频率特性分析［J］. 高电压技术, 2015, 41（7）: 2209-2216. MIAO Fufeng, TANG Xisheng, QI Zhiping. Analysis of frequency characteristics of power system based on wind farm-energy storage combined frequency regulation［J］. High Voltage Engineering,2015, 41（7）: 2209-2216. ［18］黄际元, 李欣然, 曹一家, 等. 考虑储能参与快速调频动作时机与深度的容量配置方法［J］. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30（12）: 454-464. HUANG Jiyuan, LI Xinran, CAO Yijia, et al. Capacity allocation of energy storage system considering its action moment and output depth in rapid frequency regulation［J］. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30（12）: 454-464. ［19］胡泽春, 夏睿, 吴林林, 等. 考虑储能参与调频的风储联合运行优化策略［J/OL］. 电网技术, http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2410.TM.20160315.1408.014.html . HU Zechun, XIA Rui, WU Linlin, et al. Joint Operation Optimization of Wind-Storage Union With Energy Storage Participating Frequency Regulation［J/OL］. Power System Technology, http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2410.TM.20160315.1408.014.html . ［20］张步涵, 曾杰, 毛承雄, 等. 电池储能系统在改善并网风电场电能质量和稳定性中的应用［J］. 电网技术, 2006, 30（15）: 54-58. ZHANG Buhan，ZENG Jie，MAO Chengxiong，et al. Improvement of power quality and stability of wind farms connected to power grid by battery energy storage system［J］. Power System Technology, 2006, 30（15）: 54-58. ［21］AMMAR M, JOOS G. A short-term energy storage system for voltage quality improvement in distributed wind power［J］. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2014, 29（4）: 997-1007. ［22］MUNDACKAL J A, VARGHESE A C, SREEKALA P, et al. Grid power quality improvement and battery energy storage in wind energy systems［C］//Emerging Research Areas and 2013 International Conference on Microelectronics, Communications and Renewable Energy （AICERA/ICMiCR）, 2013 Annual International Conference on.Kanjirapally: IEEE, 2013: 1-6. ［23］ARULAMPALAM A, BARNES M, JENKINS N, et al. Power quality and stability improvement of a wind farm using STATCOM supported with hybrid battery energy storage［J］. IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 2006, 153（6）: 701-710. ［24］刘芳, 李冰, 张帆. 计及配电网经济性与可靠性的电池储能系统优化配置［J］. 电力建设, 2015, 36（12）: 76-83. LIU Fang, LI Bing, ZHANG Fan. Battery energy storage system optimal allocation considering economy and reliability of distribution network［J］. Electric Power Construction［J］. 2015, 36（12）: 76-83. ［25］王剑, 刘天琪, 李兴源. 风电场及储能装置对发输电系统可靠性的影响［J］. 电网技术, 2011, 35（5）: 165-170. WANG Jian, LIU Tianqi, LI Xingyuan. Influences of connecting wind farms and energy storage devices to power grid on reliability of power generation and transmission system［J］. Power System Technology［J］.2011, 35（5）: 165-170. ［26］涂炼, 刘涤尘, 廖清芬, 等. 计及储能容量优化的含风光储配电网可靠性评估［J］. 电力自动化设备, 2015, 35（12）: 40-46. TU Lian, LIU Dichen, LIAO Qingfen,et al. Reliability evaluation considering storage capacity optimization for distribution system with wind-PV-storage［J］. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2015, 35（12）: 40-46. ［27］葛少云, 王浩鸣, 王源山,等. 含分布式风光蓄的配电系统可靠性评估［J］. 电力系统自动化, 2012, 36（5）: 16-23. GE Shaoyun, WANG Haoming, WANG Yuanshan,et al. Reliability evaluation of distribution system including distributed wind tubines, photovoltaic arrays and battery［J］. Automation of Electric Power System, 2012, 36（5）: 16-23. ［28］程林, 常垚, 刘满君, 等. 基于伪时序状态转移抽样法评估含储能电力系统可靠性［J］. 电力系统自动化, 2014, 38（7）: 53-59. CHENG Lin, CHANG Yao, LIU Manjun,et al. Reliability evaluation of energy storage integrated power system based on pseudo-sequential state transition sampling algorithm［J］. Automation of Electric Power System, 2014, 38（7）: 53-59. ［29］XU Y X, SINGH C. Power system reliability impact of energy storage integration with intelligent operation strategy［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2014, 5（2）: 1129-1137. ［30］THAPA S, KARKI R. Reliability benefit of energy storage in wind integrated power system operation［J］. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2016, 10（3）: 807-814. ［31］HU P, KARKI R, BILLINTON R. Reliability evaluation of generating systems containing wind power and energy storage［J］. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2009, 3（8）: 783-791.

[1]	朱旭, 杨军, 李高俊杰, 董旭柱, 刘首文. 计及虚拟储能系统的区域综合能源系统优化调度策略[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(8): 99-110.
[2]	檀勤良, 丁毅宏, 李渝, 李锐. 考虑经济环境平衡的风光火联合外送调度策略多目标优化[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(8): 129-136.
[3]	姜达军，吴福保，王麒云，张艳军，孙黎霞，吴英俊. 基于调控云的风储联合鲁棒优化调度[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(7): 9-16.
[4]	方朝雄，吴晓升，江岳文. 考虑暂态稳定性的网储多目标双层优化[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(7): 58-66.
[5]	张楷，邱晓燕，李凌昊，张浩禹，赵有林，刘梦依. 含风电系统中计及静态电压稳定影响的储能系统配置方案[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(7): 110-116.
[6]	贾学翠，李相俊，万君，李文启，霍方强. 平抑电网大功率扰动的规模化电池储能系统控制方法[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(6): 69-76.
[7]	李建林，李雅欣，周喜超. 电网侧储能技术研究综述[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(6): 77-84.
[8]	苏俊妮，张鑫，赵俊炜，张锐，曲明辉，杨艳红. 计及需求响应和储能的电-气综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(5): 1-8.
[9]	李淋，徐青山，王晓晴，凌静，孙海翔. 基于共享储能电站的工业用户日前优化经济调度[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(5): 100-107.
[10]	张志荣，邱晓燕，孙旭，任昊，张明珂. #br# 协调柔性负荷与储能的交直流配电网经济优化调度[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(5): 116-123.
[11]	董凌1， 2，年珩3，范越2，赵建勇3，张智3，林振智3. 能源互联网背景下共享储能的商业模式探索与实践[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(4): 38-44.
[12]	郭威，修晓青，李文启，李建林. 计及多属性综合指标与经济性的电网侧储能系统选址配置方法[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(4): 53-62.
[13]	刘璐，牛萌，李建林，惠东. 电化学储能系统标准现状与体系架构研究[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(4): 63-72.
[14]	付建民，杨斌，王小君，孙庆凯，张义志，和敬涵，张放. 考虑建筑储能特性的高铁站综合能源系统规划方法[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(3): 13-22.
[15]	史景坚，周文涛，张宁，陈桥，刘金涛，曹振博，陈懿，宋航，刘友波. 含储能系统的配电网电压调节深度强化学习算法[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41(3): 71-78.