Fast/Slow Charging Station Planning Based on Mixed User Equilibrium Theory and Charging/Discharging Management

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.08.012

Abstract

Abstract:

With the continuous deepening of green travel concept, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased year by year, and the large-scale EV charging load will have an adverse impact on the distribution network. In this background, this paper proposes a fast/slow charging station planning model that includes charging and discharging management. Firstly, according to the Wardrop user equilibrium theory, this paper establishes a mixed user equilibrium model for traffic network. Secondly, it proposes a charging and discharging management strategy based on the load transfer matrix and its modeling method; then, a fast/slow charging station planning model based on user equilibrium and charging and discharging management is proposed, and the piecewise linearization method, big-M method and second order cone relaxation technique are used to deal with the original problem. Finally, an IEEE 33-node distribution network and a 12-node typical traffic network are used to verify the effectiveness of the planning method proposed in this paper.

Key words: smart distribution network, fast/slow charging station planning, traffic user equilibrium, charging and discharging management

CLC Number:

TM715

ZHANG Linyao, ZHENG Jieyun, HU Zhijian, NI Shiyuan, WU Guilian, WENG Changhong, CHEN Zhi, CHEN Jinpeng. Fast/Slow Charging Station Planning Based on Mixed User Equilibrium Theory and Charging/Discharging Management[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2021, 42(8): 99-109.

Figures/Tables 21

Table 1 Slow charge load transfer matrix of EV charge and discharge management

Fig.1 Diagram of coupling test system

Table 2 Comparation of planning results between the project model and the control model

Table 3 Comparation of economic results between the project model and the control model

Fig.2 Comparison chart of charging power curve of slow charging station

Fig.3 Total congestion time of CV travel

Fig.4 Total congestion time of NV travel

Fig.5 Load transfer ratio and load curve diagram of slow charging station ①

Table 4 Load transfer of slow charging station ① kW

Fig.6 Comparison chart of charging power curve of slow charging station in two cases

Fig.7 The load transfer ratio diagram of the slow charging station under the extreme case

Table A1 Information of coupled nodes between fast charging station and distribution network

Table A2 Information of coupled nodes between slow charging station and distribution network

Table A3 Information of traffic roads

Table A4 Parameters of fast charging station

Table A5 Parameters of slow charging station

Fig.A1 Typical load sequence curves

Table A6 Information of traffic needs

Table A7 Information of slow charging needs

Fig.A2 Typical timing sequence curve of user travel

Table A8 Parameters of planning

References 16

[1]	姚伟锋. 考虑电动汽车广泛接入的电力系统规划与运行策略[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2014.
	YAO Weifeng. Power system planning and operation strategies considering extensive integration of electric vehicles[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2014.
[2]	刘晋源, 吕林, 高红均, 等. 促进电动汽车和清洁能源发展的充/换电站-风-光-储协调规划[J]. 电测与仪表, 2020, 57(1): 89-98.
	LIU Jinyuan, LV Lin, GAO Hongjun, et al. Charging/swapping station-wind-photovoltaic-storage planning to promote the development of electric vehicles and clean energies[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2020, 57(1): 89-98.
[3]	李嘉逸, 张宏刚, 夏雪, 等. 市内电动汽车快速充电设施的最优规划[J]. 电力建设, 2017, 38(1): 17-22.
	LI Jiayi, ZHANG Honggang, XIA Xue, et al. Optimal planning of electric vehicle fast charging facilities in urban areas[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(1): 17-22.
[4]	HUANG X Q, CHEN J, YANG H, et al. Economic planning approach for electric vehicle charging stations integrating traffic and power grid constraints[J]. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2018, 12(17): 3925-3934. doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.5456 URL
[5]	ZHENG Y F, XIE S W, HU Z J, et al. The optimal configuration planning of energy hubs in urban integrated energy system using a two-layered optimization method[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2020, 123: 106257.
[6]	田梦瑶, 汤波, 杨秀, 等. 综合考虑充电需求和配电网接纳能力的电动汽车充电站规划[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45(2): 498-509.
	TIAN Mengyao, TANG Bo, YANG Xiu, et al. Planning of electric vehicle charging stations considering charging demands and acceptance capacity of distribution network[J]. Power System Technology, 2021, 45(2): 498-509.
[7]	孙近文, 万云飞, 郑培文, 等. 基于需求侧管理的电动汽车有序充放电策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2014, 29(8): 64-69.
	SUN Jinwen, WAN Yunfei, ZHENG Peiwen, et al. Coordinated charging and discharging strategy for electric vehicles based on demand side management[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(8): 64-69.
[8]	王博, 艾欣. 考虑V2G用户响应度的峰谷电价时段优化有序充电[J]. 现代电力, 2016, 33(2): 39-44.
	WANG Bo, AI Xin. Coordinated charging of peak-valley time-period optimization by considering V2G user reactivity[J]. Modern Electric Power, 2016, 33(2): 39-44.
[9]	彭晶, 黄虹, 刘福潮, 等. 基于V2G技术的电动汽车有序充放电策略研究[J]. 电气自动化, 2020, 42(5): 12-15.
	PENG Jing, HUANG Hong, LIU Fuchao, et al. Research on PHEV orderly charge/discharge strategy based on V2G technology[J]. Electrical Automation, 2020, 42(5): 12-15.
[10]	WARDROP J G. Some theoretical aspects of road traffic research[J]. ICE Proceedings of Engineering Divisions, 1952, 1(3):325-362.
[11]	TRESPALACIOS F, GROSSMANN I E. Improved Big-M reformulation for generalized disjunctive programs[J]. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2015, 76: 98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2015.02.013 URL
[12]	LOBO M S, VANDENBERGHE L, BOYD S, et al. Applications of second-order cone programming[J]. Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 1998, 284(1/2/3): 193-228. doi: 10.1016/S0024-3795(98)10032-0 URL
[13]	FARIVAR M, LOW S H. Branch flow model: Relaxations and convexification-part I[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2013, 28(3): 2554-2564. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2255317 URL
[14]	BARAN M E, WU F F. Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1989, 4(2): 1401-1407. doi: 10.1109/61.25627 URL
[15]	WEI W, WU L, WANG J H, et al. Expansion planning of urban electrified transportation networks: A mixed-integer convex programming approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2017, 3(1): 210-224. doi: 10.1109/TTE.2017.2651071 URL
[16]	高红均, 刘俊勇. 考虑不同类型DG和负荷建模的主动配电网协同规划[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(18): 4911-4922.
	GAO Hongjun, LIU Junyong. Coordinated planning considering different types of DG and load in active distribution network[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(18): 4911-4922, 5115.