氢能作为一种二次能源，因其绿色、灵活、来源广泛等特点，将在可再生能源占主导的未来能源体系中发挥重要作用。决定氢能产业大规模发展的核心是实现低廉、高效的原料来源和储运。为此，从可再生能源电解水制氢和储氢运输2个方面，对实现氢能清洁和高效利用的关键技术进行了综述。总结了欧洲和日本作为氢能利用的领先国家在氢能发展方面的一些思路与进展，也对氢能的成本因素进行了讨论。分析了我国氢能发展的趋势，对于未来我国氢能产业发展的前景，提出以下建议：建立健全法规与政策体系；重视氢源供应及储运的发展；积极探索发展各类氢能利用方式。

As a secondary energy, hydrogen energy will play an important role in the future energy system dominated by renewable energy because of its green, flexible and wide-ranging characteristics. The core of large-scale development of hydrogen energy industry is to realize low-cost and efficient raw material source, storage and transportation. Therefore, a review was made on the key technologies of how to truly realize the clean and efficient utilization of hydrogen energy in the aspects of hydrogen production from renewable energy electrolyzed water and hydrogen storage and transportation. The ideas and progress were summarized in the development of hydrogen energy in Europe and Japan as the leading countries for hydrogen energy utilization, and also the cost factors of hydrogen energy were discussed. The development trend of hydrogen energy in China was analyzed, and the development prospect of China's hydrogen energy industry in the future was also put forward, the suggestions were as follows: establishing a sound legal and policy system; paying attention to the development of hydrogen supply and storage and transportation; actively exploring and developing various ways of hydrogen energy utilization.

海上风资源丰富、区域广,成为风电开发利用的重要领域。但海上风电的强随机性和间歇性给海上风电的安全可靠消纳带来诸多难题。风电制氢是提高风电利用率和缓解弃风的有效手段,已成为海上风电发展和研究的热点方向。综合考虑制氢技术方案、设备投资成本、运行维护成本,给出国内海上风电制氢技术的经济性评价方法;分别建立海上风电岸上制氢、海上平台制氢及管道输氢和海上平台制氢及船舶运氢3种海上风力发电制氢技术方案及经济性模型。基于相关调研和文献数据,以某300 MW海上风电场为例,对不同离岸距离的3种海上风力发电制氢技术方案进行经济性比较。结果表明,3种海上风电制氢方案中,海上平台制氢及船舶运氢方案最具经济性,且随着离岸距离加大,该方案等年值费用基本不变;海上风电岸上制氢方案和海上平台制氢及管道输氢方案随离岸距离加大,等年值费用均不同幅度增加。

Offshore wind power has become an important field for the development and utilization of wind power due to abundant resources and wide area. However, the strong randomness and intermittent nature of offshore wind power bring many problems to the safe and reliable consumption of offshore wind power. Hydrogen production from wind power is an effective means to improve wind power utilization and alleviate wind curtailment, and it has become a focusing application in the development and research of offshore wind power. This paper comprehensively considers the scheme, equipment investment cost, operation and maintenance cost of hydrogen production technology, and gives the economic evaluation method of the domestic hydrogen production technology from offshore wind power; This paper establishes three technical schemes and economic models for hydrogen production on shore, hydrogen production on offshore platform with hydrogen transported through pipeline and hydrogen production from offshore platform with hydrogen transported by ships. According to relevant research and literature data, taking a 300 MW offshore wind farm as an example, three kinds of hydrogen production technical schemes at different offshore distances are compared in terms of economic efficiency. The results show that among the three technical schemes, hydrogen production from offshore platform with hydrogen transported by ships is the most economic; and the offshore distance increases, the uniform annual value of this scheme is basically unchanged. But with the offshore distance increases, the uniform annual value of the hydrogen production on shore and hydrogen production from offshore platform with hydrogen transported through pipeline schemes increase in different degrees.