Dual-Chain Coupling Trading Model Considering Synergy Between Carbon Allowances and Electricity

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2023.05.012

Abstract

Abstract:

The low-carbon transformation of the power system requires a“multi-line attack”and it is increasingly difficult to rely only on the consumption of a high proportion of new energy, primarily because the entire chain can only be optimized by achieving the diversified development of electricity and carbon. On the basis of comprehensively considering the synergistic relationship between carbon quotas and electricity, such as the correlation, matching degree, and relative degree of freedom, the collaborative trading mode of carbon quotas and electricity is studied by all entities in each link of the“source-grid-load”and a two-factor trading scenario model of carbon quotas and electricity is developed. Combining the natural compatibility of blockchain technology with the characteristics of weak centralization, distributed trading, and the development of the electric carbon market, the transaction model of the carbon quota trading chain and electricity trading chain is studied. Considering source-end thermal and clean energy power plants as examples, a trading model framework for carbon quotas and power generation indicators between power plants in the provincial area under a double chain is proposed. Through the smart contract, a multi-objective search optimization algorithm based on the particle swarm algorithm is programmed to execute the script to realize the simulation and verification of the trading model of the power generation index. A feasibility analysis of the carbon quota trading model is performed, which confirms the adaptability and effectiveness of the proposed trading scheme and provides a reference for the development of the electric carbon market.

Key words: low-carbon transition, blockchain, carbon allowances, power generation indicators, electric carbon markets

CLC Number:

TM73

GONG Gangjun, YUAN Linlin, ZHANG Yingli, YANG Sheng, WU Xin. Dual-Chain Coupling Trading Model Considering Synergy Between Carbon Allowances and Electricity[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2023, 44(5): 120-133.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of independent trading of carbon allowances and electricity

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of carbon quota and electricity two-factor synergistic transaction considering the balance constraint of power supply and consumption

Fig.3 “Source-network-load” each link, each subject transaction type

Fig.4 Dual-chain coupling trading model of carbon allowance and electricity synergy

Fig.5 Transaction process

Table 1 Corresponding parameters of the power plant

Table 2 Power plant corresponding matching parameters and results

Table 3 Specific quotation of the buyer’s power plant元/(kW·h)

Table 4 Specific distance of buyer’s power plant from power plant Akm

Table 5 Score of specific electronic voucher corresponding to the buyer’s power plant

Fig.6 Matlab simulation results

Table 6 Transaction chain screening detected a table of non-inferior solutions

Fig.7 Non-inferior solution

Table 7 Recommended trading schemes for the trading chain

Fig.7 Improved Indian-62 node standard study system electrical wiring diagram

Fig.A2 Improved IEEE-30 node standard study system electrical wiring diagram

References 36

[1]	叶林, 路朋, 赵永宁, 等. 含风电电力系统有功功率模型预测控制方法综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(18): 6181-6198.
	YE Lin, LU Peng, ZHAO Yongning, et al. Summary of active power model predictive control methods for power systems containing wind power[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(18): 6181-6198.
[2]	徐潇源, 王晗, 严正, 等. 能源转型背景下电力系统不确定性及应对方法综述[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45(16): 2-13.
	XU Xiaoyuan, WANG Han, YAN Zheng, et al. Overview of power system uncertainty and its solutions under energy transition[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(16): 2-13.
[3]	曾鸣, 杨雍琦, 李源非, 等. 能源互联网背景下新能源电力系统运营模式及关键技术初探[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(3): 681-691.
	ZENG Ming, YANG Yongqi, LI Yuanfei, et al. The preliminary research for key operation mode and technologies of electrical power system with renewable energy sources under energy internet[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(3): 681-691.
[4]	黄雨涵, 丁涛, 李雨婷, 等. 碳中和背景下能源低碳化技术综述及对新型电力系统发展的启示[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(S1): 28-51.
	HUANG Yuhan, DING Tao, LI Yuting, et al. Decarbonization technologies and inspirations for the development of novel power systems in the context of carbon neutrality[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(S1): 28-51.
[5]	崔杨, 邓贵波, 曾鹏, 等. 计及碳捕集电厂低碳特性的含风电电力系统源-荷多时间尺度调度方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(16): 5869-5886, 6163.
	CUI Yang, DENG Guibo, ZENG Peng, et al. Multi-time scale source-load dispatch method of power system with wind power considering low-carbon characteristics of carbon capture power plant[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(16): 5869-5886, 6163.
[6]	朱蜀, 刘开培, 秦亮, 等. 电力电子化电力系统暂态稳定性分析综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(14): 3948-3962, 4273.
	ZHU Shu, LIU Kaipei, QIN Liang, et al. Analysis of transient stability of power electronics dominated power system: an overview[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(14): 3948-3962, 4273.
[7]	胡鞍钢. 中国实现2030年前碳达峰目标及主要途径[J]. 北京工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 21(3): 1-15.
	HU Angang. China’s goal of achieving carbon peak by 2030 and its main approaches[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2021, 21(3): 1-15.
[8]	冯伟忠, 李励. “双碳”目标下煤电机组低碳、零碳和负碳化转型发展路径研究与实践[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(3): 452-461. doi: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22061
	FENG Weizhong, LI Li. Research and practice on development path of low-carbon, zero-carbon and negative carbon transformation of coal-fired power units under “double carbon” targets[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(3): 452-461. doi: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22061
[9]	程乐峰, 杨汝, 刘贵云, 等. 多群体非对称演化博弈动力学及其在智能电网电力需求侧响应中的应用[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(S1): 20-36.
	CHENG Lefeng, YANG Ru, LIU Guiyun, et al. Multi-population asymmetric evolutionary game dynamics and its applications in power demand-side response in smart grid[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(S1): 20-36.
[10]	邓盛盛, 陈皓勇, 肖东亮, 等. 发电商参与碳市场与电力中长期市场联合决策模型[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2022, 50(22): 1-10.
	DENG Shengsheng, CHEN Haoyong, XIAO Dongliang, et al. A joint decision making model for power generators to participate in the carbon market and the medium- and long-term power markets[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2022, 50(22): 1-10.
[11]	江淑敏. 我国碳市场构建的设想[D]. 济南: 山东师范大学, 2009.
	JIANG Shumin. The tentative plan of constructing Chinese carbon market[D]. Jinan: Shandong Normal University, 2009.
[12]	雷杰宇, 高仕斌, 韦晓广, 等. 基于股权分配的能源市场P2P能量共享交易模型[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(23): 8548-8563.
	LEI Jieyu, GAO Shibin, WEI Xiaoguang, et al. A shareholding-based energy sharing transaction model for energy market among peer-to-peer prosumers[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(23): 8548-8563.
[13]	陈瑜玮, 孙宏斌, 郭庆来. 综合能源系统分析的统一能路理论(五):电-热-气耦合系统优化调度[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(24): 7928-7937, 8230.
	CHEN Yuwei, SUN Hongbin, GUO Qinglai. Energy circuit theory of integrated energy system analysis (Ⅴ): integrated electricity-heat-gas dispatch[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(24): 7928-7937, 8230.
[14]	王浩然, 陈思捷, 严正, 等. 基于区块链的电动汽车充电站充电权交易: 机制、模型和方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(2): 425-436.
	WANG Haoran, CHEN Sijie, YAN Zheng, et al. Blockchain-enabled charging right trading among EV charging stations: mechanism, model, and method[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(2): 425-436.
[15]	武昭原, 周明, 王剑晓, 等. 双碳目标下提升电力系统灵活性的市场机制综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(21):7746-7763.
	WU Zhaoyuan, ZHOU Ming, WANG Jianxiao, et al. Review on mechanism to enhance the flexiblity of power system under the dual-carbon target[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(21):7746-7763.
[16]	朱灿元, 杨超, 李舒涛, 等. 考虑清洁能源与储能的分布式数据中心低碳调度策略[J]. 智慧电力, 2023, 51(2): 16-23.
	ZHU Canyuan, YANG Chao, LI Shutao, et al. Low-carbon scheduling strategy for distributed data centers considering clean energy and energy storage[J]. Smart Power, 2023, 51(2): 16-23.
[17]	袁勇, 王飞跃. 区块链技术发展现状与展望[J]. 自动化学报, 2016, 42(4): 481-494.
	YUAN Yong, WANG Feiyue. Blockchain: the state of the art and future trends[J]. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2016, 42(4): 481-494.
[18]	沈翔宇, 陈思捷, 严正, 等. 区块链在能源领域的价值、应用场景与适用性分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45(5): 18-29.
	SHEN Xiangyu, CHEN Sijie, YAN Zheng, et al. Analysis on value, application scenarios and applicability of blockchain in energy industry[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(5): 18-29.
[19]	赵曰浩, 彭克, 徐丙垠, 等. 能源区块链应用工程现状与展望[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(7): 14-22, 58.
	ZHAO Yuehao, PENG Ke, XU Bingyin, et al. Status and prospect of pilot project of energy blockchain[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(7): 14-22, 58.
[20]	韩冬, 张程正浩, 孙伟卿, 等. 基于区块链技术的智能配售电交易平台架构设计[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(7): 89-96.
	HAN Dong, ZHANG Chengzhenghao, SUN Weiqing, et al. Framework design of smart distribution trading platform based on blockchain technology[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(7): 89-96.
[21]	胡伟, 夏雪. 计及能源区块链电力碳排放权的跨链交易模型[J]. 系统管理学报, 2023, 32(1): 64-72.
	HU Wei, XIA Xue. A cross-chain transaction model of electricity carbon emission rights considering energy blockchain[J]. Journal of Systems & Management, 2023, 32(1): 64-72.
[22]	岳铂雄, 熊厚博, 郭亦宗, 等. 碳交易机制推动电力行业低碳转型[J]. 电气自动化, 2022, 44(4): 1-3, 7.
	YUE Boxiong, XIONG Houbo, GUO Yizong, et al. Carbon transaction mechanism promotes low-carbon transformation of power industry[J]. Electrical Automation, 2022, 44(4): 1-3, 7.
[23]	郭昭艺, 吴涛. 电碳联动中大用户与分布式用户参与碳交易效益探究[J]. 电气应用, 2022, 41(10): 76-80.
	GUO Zhaoyi, WU Tao. Research on the benefits of large users and distributed users participating in carbon trading in electricity carbon linkage[J]. Electrotechnical Application, 2022, 41(10): 76-80.
[24]	薛贵元, 吴晨, 王浩然, 等. “双碳”目标下碳市场与电力市场协同发展机制分析[J]. 电力科学与工程, 2022, 38(7): 1-7.
	XUE Guiyuan, WU Chen, WANG Haoran, et al. Coordinated development mechanism of carbon market and power market under carbon peak and neutrality goals[J]. Electric Power Science and Engineering, 2022, 38(7): 1-7.
[25]	孙晓聪, 丁一, 包铭磊, 等. 考虑发电商多时间耦合决策的碳-电市场均衡分析[J/OL]. 电力系统自动化, 2022 (2022-10-21)[2022-12-01].
	SUN Xiaocong, DING Yi, BAO Minglei, et al. Carbon-electricity market equilibrium analysis considering multi-time coupling decisions of power producers[J/OL]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1180.TP.20221020.1618.005.html. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022 (2022-10-21)[2022-12-01]. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/32.1180.TP.20221020.1618.005.html.
[26]	葛少云, 程雪颖, 刘洪, 等. 园区多微网P2P 电-碳耦合交易市场设计[J/OL]. 高电压技术, 2022(2022-10-20)[2022-12-01]. https://doi.org/10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20220948.
	GE Shaoyun, CHENG Xueying, LIU Hong, et al. Market design of P2P electricity carbon coupling transaction among multi-microgrids in the zone[J/OL]. High Voltage Engineering, 2022(2022-10-20)[2022-12-01].https://doi.org/10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20220948.
[27]	徐钢, 田龙虎, 刘彤, 等. 中国电力工业CO₂减排战略分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(17): 1-8.
	XU Gang, TIAN Longhu, LIU Tong, et al. Strategic analysis of CO₂ mitigation in Chinese power industry[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(17): 1-8.
[28]	SHAHBAZ M, SINHA A, RAGHUTLA C, et al. Decomposing scale and technique effects of financial development and foreign direct investment on renewable energy consumption[J]. Energy, 2022, 238: 121758. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121758 URL
[29]	LIN X M, KIREEVA N, TIMOSHIN A V, et al. A multi-criteria framework for designing of stand-alone and grid-connected photovoltaic, wind, battery clean energy system considering reliability and economic assessment[J]. Energy, 2021, 224: 120154. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120154 URL
[30]	秦金磊, 孙文强, 李整, 等. 基于区块链和改进型拍卖算法的微电网电能交易方法[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2020, 40(8): 2-10.
	QIN Jinlei, SUN Wenqiang, LI Zheng, et al. Energy transaction method of microgrid based on blockchain and improved auction algorithm[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2020, 40(8): 2-10.
[31]	郭显光. 改进的熵值法及其在经济效益评价中的应用[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 1998, 18(12): 98-102. doi: 10.12011/1000-6788(1998)12-98
	GUO Xianguang. Application of improved entropy method in evaluation of economic result[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 1998, 18(12): 98-102.
[32]	BERGH F, ENGELBRECHT A P. A study of particle swarm optimization particle trajectories[J]. Information Sciences, 2006, 176(8): 937-971. doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2005.02.003 URL
[33]	龚钢军, 杨晟, 王慧娟, 等. 综合能源服务区块链的网络架构、交互模型与信用评价[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(18): 5897-5911.
	GONG Gangjun, YANG Sheng, WANG Huijuan, et al. Network architecture, interaction model and credit evaluation of integrated energy service blockchain[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(18): 5897-5911.
[34]	王涵, 庞大卫. 基于Pareto非劣解的多目标优化中的非劣解集问题[J]. 自动化应用, 2020(2): 55-57, 62.
	WANG Han, PANG Dawei. Non-inferior solution set problem in multi-objective optimization based on Pareto non-inferior solution[J]. Automation Application, 2020(2): 55-57, 62.
[35]	吴暖, 王诺. 三目标优化: 一种计算Pareto非劣解相对于各优化目标偏向度及其进一步分析的方法[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2019, 39(12): 3237-3247. doi: 10.12011/1000-6788-2019-0558-11
	WU Nuan, WANG Nuo. Tri-objective optimization problems: a method of calculating the bias degree and further analysis of each Pareto non-inferior solution corresponding to each objective[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2019, 39(12): 3237-3247.
[36]	王学武, 闵永, 顾幸生. 基于密度聚类的多目标粒子群优化算法[J]. 华东理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 45(3): 449-457.
	WANG Xuewu, MIN Yong, GU Xingsheng. Multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm based on density clustering[J]. Journal of East China University of Science and Technology, 2019, 45(3): 449-457.