目前在对园区综合能源系统规划方案的多指标评价中,通常缺乏考虑指标间的相互影响,致使得到的评价结果不具一般性,甚至存在评价结果不准确的问题。因此,针对园区综合能源系统的规划方案提出考虑指标间相互作用的改进妥协解排序法(multicriteria optimization and compromise solution in English, VIKOR)。首先从经济性、可靠性、环保性与能效性这4个层面建立综合能源系统的评价指标模型,进而构建综合评价体系。然后基于对偶犹豫模糊集与模糊测度的概念,对经典的VIKOR方法做出改进,利用模糊测度对各指标进行赋权,使其在对备选方案进行评价时充分考虑到各评价指标之间的相互作用关系。最后通过算例验证所提评价方法的合理性与客观性。

At present, the interaction among the indices is usually not considered in the multi-index evaluation of planning schemes for park-level integrated energy system (PIES), which results in the evaluation results are not general, and even have some problems. Therefore, an improved VIKOR method considering the interaction of indices is proposed for the planning schemes of the PIES. Firstly, the evaluation index models of PIES are established from the four aspects of economy, reliability, environmental protection and energy efficiency, and then the comprehensive evaluation system is constructed. Then, on the basis of the conception of the dual hesitant fuzzy set and fuzzy measure, the classical VIKOR method is improved, and each index is weighted by fuzzy measure, so that the interaction between each evaluation index is fully considered when evaluating the planning schemes. Finally, an example is given to verify the rationality and objectivity of the proposed method.

为实现电力系统和热力系统的联合优化，提高能源的利用效率和经济效益，提出电力潮流和㶲流联合驱动的热电联产综合能源系统（CHP-IES）优化运行方法。利用极坐标形式下的牛顿-拉夫逊法进行潮流计算，经迭代后得到电力网络各节点电气量及功率、热力网络各节点温度及流量等重要参数；探究电力网络、热力网络、热电联产机组等耦合元件的㶲流计算机理，以4节点电-6节点热构成的CHP-IES为对象，分析㶲流分布和各个环节的㶲损情况，实现电力系统和热力系统的联合优化。算例证明系统满足局部和整体㶲平衡关系，其中热力系统㶲效率为97%左右。

To realize the joint optimization of power systems and thermal systems and improve their energy utilization efficiency and economic benefits， an optimized operation method driven by power flow and exergy flow for a combined heat and power integrated energy system（CHP-IES） is proposed. Firstly， the Newton-Raphson method is used to calculate the power flow in polar coordinates. After iteration， important parameters such as electrical quantity and power at each node of the power network， temperature and flow rate at each node of the thermal network are obtained. Then， the exergy flow calculation mechanism of coupling elements such as power network， thermal network and CHP units is explored. Taking the CHP-IES composed of a 4-node electricity system and a 6-node thermal system as the object， the exergy flow distribution and exergy loss at each link are analyzed， and the joint optimization for the power system and thermal system is realized. The example proves that the optimization can keep the local and global exergy balance of the system， and the exergy efficiency of the thermal system is about 97 %.

The residential heating sector accounts for a large share of the worldwide annual primary energy consumption. In order to reduce CO2-emissions, it is therefore particularly important to analyse this sector for potential efficiency improvements. In Europe, natural gas boilers are the most widely used heating technology since they are cost-effective and can be installed in any type of building. The energy efficiency of these boilers is already high. However, in their internal process, heat is generated at a high temperature level which is only used for space heating and therefore a high amount of exergy remains unused. This research aims to develop the potential of using the exergy to further improve the efficiency of the systems. A novel combination of methods is applied to analyse the thermodynamic behaviour of gas-fired boilers in detail and over the cycle of a year. The analysis is performed in two steps: In the first step a system is examined in stationary operating points. This is carried out through an experimental setup and a three-dimensional numerical simulation. In the second step, the obtained data is applied to a transient annual building simulation. The results show the temporal distribution and total amount of the annual exergy loss for a common residential building. The exergy loss accumulates to 16,271 kWh per year, which shows the high potential to partially convert the exergy to electrical energy and significantly reduce the external electricity demand and CO2-emissions of the building. Based on this, new technologies such as Thermoelectric Generators can be developed, which can enable this potential.

构建了一套耦合风光燃储网的冷、热、电三联供综合能源系统,以系统经济性和环境效益为优化目标对系统的设备和参数进行优化研究,得出了现行约束条件下的最优系统配置。结果表明:5种系统中,"风-光-燃-储-网"系统的年CO₂排放量和系统总成本均最低;"风-光-储-网"系统消纳可再生能源的能力最佳,可再生能源渗透率为69.93%,但总成本为"风-光-燃-储-网"系统的159%;光伏价格和碳税价格与年CO₂排放量呈反比,且当光伏降价比例达到40%后,其对年CO₂排放量的限制作用不再突出。

A set of integrated energy system coupled with wind, solar, fuel, storage and network was constructed.With the optimization objectives of system economy and environmental benefits, the equipment and parameters of the system were optimized to obtain the optimal system configuration under current constraints. Results show that among the five systems, the annual CO₂ emission and total system cost of the wind, photo, combustion, storage and network system are the lowest. The wind, light, storage and network system has the best ability to absorb renewable energy, and the penetration rate of renewable energy is 69.93%, but the total cost is 159% of the wind, light, combustion, storage and network system. Photovoltaic prices and carbon tax prices are inversely proportional to annual CO₂ emissions, and when the photovoltaic price reduction ratio reaches 40%, its limiting effect on annual CO₂ emissions is no longer prominent.

能源互联网为综合能源系统提供了一种能源供应的新型共享平台，物联网和人工智能技术也推动着传统电力用户向具有人工智能和经济学属性的能源产消者转换。然而，分布式能源和能源产消者的融入给综合能源系统的建模优化和电力市场设计带来诸多挑战，需要借助人工智能开发综合解决框架实现资源的最优配置、多能互补以及分布式决策。为实现综合能源系统中产消者和分布式能源的有机结合，研究了综合能源系统下多能互补和源网荷储多元协调等问题，分析了产消者的社会和经济学属性，提出了基于博弈论、运筹学和机器学习的综合解决框架，借助数字孪生和仿真技术构建电力市场，实现与产消者和综合能源系统的连接和交互，可为建立清洁低碳安全高效的能源体系并实现碳中和目标提供理论指引和技术支持。

Energy Internet provides a new sharing platform for the energy supply of integrated energy systems， and Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence （AI） technologies are driving the transformation of traditional energy consumers to prosumers with AI and economic attributes. However， the participation of distributed energy and energy prosumers brings challenges to the model optimization of integrated energy systems and electricity market design， calling for the development of AI-based integrated solution framework to deal with the optimal allocation of resources， multi-energy complementation and distributed decision-making. To facilitate the fusion of energy prosumers and distributed energy resources into integrated energy systems， the multi-energy complementation and source-grid-power-storage coordinated control of integrated energy systems are studied， and the social and economic characteristics of energy prosumers are analyzed. A comprehensive solution framework taking advantages of game theory， operations research and machine learning is proposed to solve the aforementioned issues. With the support of digital twin and simulation techniques， an electricity market based on digital twin and simulation techniques is constructed to realize the connection and interaction between prosumers and integrated energy systems. The method provides the theoretical guidance and technical support for the establishment of a clean， low-carbon， safe， and efficient energy system and advances the carbon neutrality target.

提高能源的利用效率是能源综合服务站建设的主要目标之一,为了反映能源综合服务站能源利用、转换、损耗的特征,文章首先从宏观能效、微观能效、能源经济3个方面考虑,提出了能源利用率、可再生能源利用率、EV充电站能效、数据中心能效、能源经济成本、经济发展适应性6个评估指标,建立了能源综合服务站能效评估指标体系。其次,利用加权有向图模拟能源综合服务站内部能流情况,提出系统能量流的计算方法及能效评估方法。最后,以某能源综合服务站为算例,建立能源综合服务站评估场景,利用所提方法对系统进行综合能效评估。结果表明,文章所提模型与评估方法可反映系统内能源利用情况,适用于系统能效的预评估,对能源综合服务站的规划运行具有参考意义。

Improving energy utilization efficiency is one of the main goals of the construction of integrated energy service stations. In order to reflect the characteristics of energy utilization, conversion and loss of integrated energy service stations, this paper firstly considers three aspects of macro-energy efficiency micro-energy efficiency and energy economy. Six evaluation indices for energy utilization, renewable energy utilization, EV charging station energy efficiency, data center energy efficiency, energy economic cost, and economic development adaptability are proposed, and an energy efficiency evaluation index system for integrated energy service stations is established. Secondly, the weighted directed graph is used to simulate the internal energy flow of the integrated energy service station, and the calculation method of the system energy flow and the energy efficiency evaluation method are proposed. Finally, this paper takes an integrated energy service station as an example, an evaluation scenario of integrated energy service station is established, and the proposed method is applied to conduct a comprehensive energy efficiency evaluation of the system. The results show that the model and evaluation method proposed in this paper can reflect the energy utilization in the system, is suitable for the pre-evaluation of system energy efficiency, and has reference significance for the planning and operation of the integrated energy service station.

中国农村地区的太阳能、生物质能等可再生能源十分丰富,但能源利用率较低,污染较为严重。针对生物质能、太阳能等清洁可再生能源接入的乡村场景,考虑热网传输特性与农业生产负荷可调性,提出了一种基于生-光耦合利用的乡村电-热综合能源系统多目标规划方法。首先,基于生物质与太阳能资源的耦合利用构建了乡村综合能源系统典型架构,同时对热网虚拟储能功能、农业生产可调控负荷以及系统关键设备进行建模分析,并提出相关运行策略;其次,构建了兼顾经济性、环保性以及能效性的乡村综合能源系统规划优化模型,考虑投资能力、设备运行和能量平衡等约束,采用基于莱维飞行的粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization algorithm based on Levy flight,LPSO)求解规划优化方案;最后,以中国北方某县所属村镇为例进行规划仿真,结果表明所提方法是合理且有效的。

Renewable energy sources such as solar energy and biomass energy are abundant in rural areas of China, but the energy utilization rate is low and pollution is serious. Aiming at the rural scene where clean renewable energy sources such as biomass and solar energy are connected, a multi-objective planning method based on the coupling utilization of biomass and solar power for rural electricity-heat integrated energy system is proposed, considering the transmission characteristics of heat network and the adjustable agricultural production load. Firstly, a typical architecture of rural integrated energy system is constructed considering the coupling utilization of biomass and solar energy resources. At the same time, the virtual energy storage function of thermal network, adjustable load of agricultural production and key equipment of the system are modeled and analyzed, and relevant operation strategies are proposed. Secondly, a planning and optimization model for rural integrated energy system is constructed, which takes into account economy, environmental protection and energy efficiency. Considering constraints such as investment capacity, equipment operation and energy balance, the Levy flight-based particle swarm optimization algorithm (LPSO) is used to solve the planning optimization scheme. Finally, the simulation is carried out in a village and town of a county in northern China, and the results show that the proposed method is reasonable and effective.