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Coordinated Planning Method of PV-Storage DC Corridors for Expressway Main and Substations Considering Mixed Traffic Equilibrium
HU Junjie, WANG Wenhao, ZHANG Xiang, SUN Zhou, ZHU Xingyi
Electric Power Construction ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11) : 16-29.
PDF(5242 KB)
PDF(5242 KB)
Coordinated Planning Method of PV-Storage DC Corridors for Expressway Main and Substations Considering Mixed Traffic Equilibrium
[Objective] To realize coordinated source-storage-grid planning for expressway charging energy supply systems under intelligent connected environments， and address the spatiotemporal uncertainty of charging loads induced by mixed traffic flow as well as the challenge of coordinated configuration of photovoltaic （PV）-storage capacity and DC corridor topology under divergent resource endowments and grid-connection conditions along roadside stations， this paper proposes a coordinated planning method of PV-storage DC corridors for expressway main and substations considering mixed traffic equilibrium. [Methods] First， a semi-dynamic mixed traffic equilibrium model is developed. A modified Bureau of Public Roads （BPR） road network impedance function is adopted to characterize the difference in link travel cost between human-driven vehicles （HDVs） and connected and autonomous vehicles （CAVs）. Stochastic user equilibrium and system optimum are used to describe the route choices of HDVs and CAVs， respectively. A residual flow mechanism is introduced to depict the temporal evolution of traffic states. On this basis， the mapping from link traffic flow to nodal charging load is established to generate spatiotemporal charging load profiles across multiple typical days. A coordinated energy supply architecture with main and substations equipped with PV and storage is then proposed. A joint planning model for PV-storage capacity and DC corridor topology is formulated to minimize the total annualized cost including capital investment， operation and maintenance cost， and weighted operational cost over multiple typical days. Improved spanning forest constraints are introduced to guarantee the connectivity of substations and the radial topology of the network. Piecewise linearization is applied to convert the model into a mixed-integer linear programming （MILP） problem for solution. [Results] A 25-node expressway network is adopted for case verification. The optimal plan constructs 21 DC corridors and forms 4 independent connected zones. It guarantees power supply accessibility of substations while preventing excessive interconnection. Compared with the fully interconnected scheme and independent operation scheme， the total cost is reduced by 5.26% and 2.17%， respectively， without load shedding. [Conclusions] The integration of charging load generation under mixed traffic equilibrium and energy network optimization for heterogeneous expressway stations facilitates source-load complementarity among stations and achieves a desirable trade-off between load supply capability and grid investment. The proposed method provides viable modeling approaches and decision support for the coordinated development of PV-storage-charging infrastructure and DC corridors along expressways.
expressway / semi-dynamic mixed traffic equilibrium / spatiotemporal distribution of charging load / PV-storage capacity allocation / DC corridor
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利益冲突声明（Conflict of Interests）： 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
作者贡献声明（Authors' Contributions）： 胡俊杰提出论文基本框架与研究方向；王文浩设计研究思路，完成实验并分析数据；张祥进行对比实验、实验分析与文献调研整理；孙周参与撰写论文；朱兴一参与论文修订。所有作者均阅读并同意了论文终稿内容。
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