A Hierarchical Control Algorithm for Aggregated Electric Vehicles in Distribution Networks

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2015.07.021

Abstract

Abstract:

A large number of electric vehicles （EVs） getting connected to power grid need feasible control architecture and optimization algorithm. In order to optimize the charging and discharging management of EVs， this paper first introduced the concept of EVs aggregator， and then proposed hierarchical control architecture for EVs. Based on the hierarchical control architecture of EVs， this paper constructed a bi-level optimization control model for EVs to achieve the goal of valley-filling. In order to avoid the difficulties in solving the optimization problem with the increasing of EVs， an improved solution algorithm was proposed， which decomposed the high-dimensional optimization problem into many low-dimensional ones， so has good convergence property and could greatly improve the computational efficiency. Finally， the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed model and improved algorithm were verified through different case scenarios.

Key words: electric vehicles（EV）, vehicle-to-grid （V2G）, EV aggregator, hierarchical optimization

CLC Number:

TANG Jia， GAO Shuang， WANG Dan， SONG Yi， YANG Zhanyong. A Hierarchical Control Algorithm for Aggregated Electric Vehicles in Distribution Networks[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2015, 36(7): 146-152.

References

［1］Kempton W， Tomic J. Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: Calculating capacity and net revenue ［J］. Journal of Power Sources， 2005， 144（1）: 268-279.
［2］胡泽春，宋永华，徐智威，等. 电动汽车接入电网的影响与利用［J］. 中国电机工程学报， 2012， 32（4）:1-10.
Hu Zechun， Song Yonghua， Xu Zhiwei， et al. Impacts and utilization of electric vehicles integration into power systems［J］. Proceedings of the CSEE，2012，32（4）:1-10.
［3］Gan L， Topcu U， Low S. Optimal decentralized protocol for electric vehicle charging［J］.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems， 2011，28（2）:5798-5804.
［4］Deilami S， Masoum A S， Moses P S， et al. Real-time coordination of plug-in electric vehicle charging in smart grids to minimize power losses and improve voltage profile［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid， 2011， 2（3）:456-467.
［5］Gao S， Chau K T， Liu C， et al. Integrated energy management of plug-in electric vehicles in power grid with renewables［J］.IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology， 2014， 63（7）:3019-3027.
［6］Han S，Han S， Sezaki K. Development of an optimal vehicle-to-grid aggregator for frequency regulation［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid， 2010， 1（1）:65-72.
［7］Wu C， Mohsenian-Rad H， Huang J. Vehicle-to-aggregator interaction game［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid， 2012， 3（1）:434-442.
［8］Wu D，Aliprantis D C， Ying L. Load scheduling and dispatch for aggregators of plug-in electric vehicles［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid， 2012， 3（1）:368-376.
［9］王锡凡，邵成成，王秀丽，等. 电动汽车充电负荷与调度控制策略综述［J］. 中国电机工程学报， 2013， 33（1）:1-10.
Wang Xifan， Shao Chengcheng，Wang Xiuli，et al. Survey of electric vehicle charging load and dispatch control strategies［J］. Proceedings of the CSEE，2013，33（1）:1-10.
［10］Guille C， Gross G. A conceptual framework for the vehicle-to-grid （V2G） implementation［J］. Energy Policy， 2009， 37（11）:4379-4390.
［11］Zhou K， Cai L. Randomized PHEV charging under distribution grid constraints［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid， 2014， 5（2）:879-887.
［12］Lin J， Leung K. Optimal scheduling for vehicle-to-grid regulation service［J］. IEEE Internet of Things Journal，2014，6（1）:556-569.
［13］Fan Z. A distributed demand response algorithm and its application to PHEV charging in smart grids［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid， 2012，（3）:1280-1290.
［14］Wen C， Chen J， Teng J， et al. Decentralized plug-in electric vehicle charging selection algorithm in power systems［J］.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid， 2012，（4）:1779-1789.
［15］Jin C， Tang J， Ghosh P. Optimizing electric vehicle charging with energy storage in the electricity market［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid， 2013，（1）:311-320.
［16］Ansari M， Sortomme E. Coordinated bidding of ancillary services for vehicle-to-grid using fuzzy optimization［J］. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid， 2015，6（1）:261-271.
［17］Momber I， Siddiqui A， Gomez San Roman T， et al. Risk averse scheduling by a PEV aggregator under uncertainty［J］. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems， 2015， 30（2）:882-891.
［18］姚伟锋，赵俊华，文福拴，等. 基于双层优化的电动汽车充放电调度策略［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2012， 36（11）:30-37.
Yao Weifeng，Zhao Junhua，Wen Fushuan，et al. A charging and dispatching strategy for electric vehicles on bi-level optimization［J］. Automation of Electric Power System， 2012， 36（11）:30-37.
［19］Li Z， Guo Q， Sun H， et al. A decentralized optimization method to track electric vehicle aggregator’s optimal charging plan［C］//Proceedings of PES General Meeting. Washington D.C : IEEE，2014: 1-5.
［20］罗卓伟，胡泽春，宋永华，等. 电动汽车充电负荷计算方法［J］. 电力系统自动化， 2011， 35（14）:36-42.
Luo Zhuowei， Hu Zechun， Song Yonghua， et al. Study on plug-in electric vehicles charging load calculating［J］. Automation of Electric Power System，2011， 35（14）:36-42.

[1]	TAN Yan, YANG Wan,WEN Fushuan, LI Li, YANG Yinguo, HUA Wei. Multiple Scenarios Based Transmission System Planning Considering Natural Disaster Risks [J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(4): 26-.
[2]	HUANG Junhui, ZHOU Hao,HAN Jun, LI Hu, GUI Sanrong,WANG Zhe, ZHU Linwei，LIU Hong. Distribution Network Reliability Assessment Considering V2G#br# [J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(2): 77-.
[3]	HU Zechun, ZHAN Kaiqiao, XU Zhiwei, XIANG Ding, ZHANG Hongcai. Analysis and Outlook on the Key Problems of Electric Vehicle and Power Grid Interaction [J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2015, 36(7): 6-13.